NOROVIRUS INTESTINAL VIRUS
On behalf of the Journal of Clinical Immunology and Infection Diseases as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been ten long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 4th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Analytical Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of Food Nutrition & Health. The Journal of Clinical Immunology and Infection Diseases aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality... Read More
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A stroke occurs when the blood supply to part of your brain is interrupted or reduced, preventing brain tissue from getting oxygen and nutrients. Signs and symptoms of stroke include: Trouble speaking and understanding what others are saying. You may experience confusion, slur your words or have difficulty understanding speech. Paralysis or numbness of the face, arm or leg. You may develop sudden numbness, weakness or paralysis in your face, arm or leg. This often affects just one side of your body. Try to raise both your arms over your head at the same time. If one arm begins to fall, you... 
Peripheral artery disease (also called peripheral arterial disease) is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs. When you develop peripheral artery disease (PAD), your extremities — usually your legs — don't receive enough blood flow to keep up with demand. This causes symptoms, most notably leg pain when walking (claudication). Peripheral artery disease is also likely to be a sign of a more widespread accumulation of fatty deposits in your arteries (atherosclerosis). This condition may be reducing blood flow to your heart and brain, as well as your legs. Our esteemed journal is... 
Cybersecurity and Computer protection (countermeasures) Computer security, cybersecurity or information technology security (IT security) is the protection of computer systems and networks from the theft of or damage to their hardware, software, or electronic data, as well as from the disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. The field is becoming more important due to increased reliance on computer systems, the Internet and wireless network standards such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi, and due to the growth of "smart" devices, including smartphones, televisions, and the various devices that constitute the "Internet of things". Owing to its complexity, both in terms of politics and technology, cybersecurity is also one of the major challenges in the contemporary world. Vulnerabilities and attacks Backdoor, Denial-of-service attack, Direct-access... 
Spintronics and its applications Spintronics (a portmanteau meaning spin transport electronics also known as spin electronics, is the study of the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, in solid-state devices. The field of spintronics concerns spin-charge coupling in metallic systems; the analogous effects in insulators fall into the field of multiferroics. Spintronics fundamentally differs from traditional electronics in that, in addition to charge state, electron spins are exploited as a further degree of freedom, with implications in the efficiency of data storage and transfer. Spintronic systems are most often realised in dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) and Heusler alloys and are of particular interest in the... 
Dentistry and Craniofacial Research is one of the best open access journals that aims to publish the most complete and reliable source of information on discoveries and current developments in the mode of original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc. in this field and provide online access without any restrictions or subscriptions to researchers worldwide. The scientists, professors, research scholars can publish their high quality papers for worldwide viability on our online platform. Manuscripts can be submitted through Editorial tracking system. 
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The thoracic duct (TD), as the largest lymphatic vessel, drains approximately three quarters of the body’s lymph into the venous 
Internal carotid artery aneurysms are rare pathologies. Endovascular treatment of these disorders is new and emerging field of interventional neurology. A 50 year old male presented to our unit with progressive headaches, visual disturbance and panhypopituitarism. Investigations revealed a giant fusiform right cavernous internal artery aneurysm (39 x 33 x 37 mm). He underwent endovascular treatment with a Surpass flow diverting stent and subsequently developed a cavernous sinus syndrome and carotid-venous fistula. A novel stent-in-stent technique was utilized and a Surpass Streamline 3 x 25 mm flow-diverting stent was placed across the fistulating zone of the initial stent, with clinical... 
A 49-year-old woman presented with exertional dyspnea of NYHA class III and was diagnosed to be a case of rheumatic heart disease and was in atrial fibrillation. Her echocardiography showed severe mitral stenosis, pulmonary arterial 
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Case Report: A 58-year old man presented to the breast surgery clinic with a progressively increasing right breast prominence. About 7 years ago he had undergone excision of a right breast mass, which turned out to be an interpectoral lipoma. His MRI was done, and it showed a lipomatous mass confined to the right interpectoral region suggestive of recurrence of the lipoma. An ultrasound guided core biopsy excluded sarcoma. The mass was completely excised surgically. Final pathology confirmed a recurrent interpectoral lipoma. Introduction: Intermuscular lipomas constitute a small percentage of adipocytic neoplasms unlike the subcutaneous lipomas which are fairly common.... 
Diagnosis and Management of Kidney Disorders 
COVID-19 Damages the Endocrine System People with endocrine disorders may see their condition worsen as a result of COVID-19. The virus that causes COVID-19-SARS-CoV-2-binds to the ACE2 receptor, a protein which is expressed in many tissues. This allows the virus to enter endocrine cells and cause the mayhem associated with the disease. SARS-CoV-2 can cause loss of smell and gain entry to the brain. In past coronavirus infections such as the SARS epidemic in 2003, many patients developed a post-viral syndrome with fatigue. This could in part be caused by adrenal insufficiency, a condition where the adrenal glands do... 
A new type of test that uses complex sugars to detect prostate cancer earlier and with greater accuracy 
Protein biosynthesis (or protein synthesis) is a core biological process, occurring inside cells, balancing the loss of cellular proteins (via degradation or export) through the production of new proteins. Proteins perform a variety of critical functions as enzymes, structural proteins or hormones and therefore, are crucial biological components. Protein synthesis is a very similar process for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but there are some distinct differences. Protein synthesis can be divided broadly into two phases - transcription and translation. During transcription, a section of DNA encoding a protein, known as a gene, is converted into a template molecule called messenger... 
Patients with traumatic diaphragmatic hernias mostly had a penetrant or 
The problematic overuse of electronic devices, in particular smartphones, is negatively affecting the lives. Cell phone technology has advanced its capabilities with smartphones to now easily provide children and teens with endless access to the internet, social media, and other online activities. Research is showing that addictive, smart phone activities of youth in their formative years is directly impacting their wellbeing. The excessive time youth spend on their smartphones results in less human interaction, sleep, exercise, and productivity, as well as, increased risk of exposure to inappropriate or violent online media, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of this column is... 
The problematic overuse of electronic devices, in particular smartphones, is negatively affecting the lives. Cell phone technology has advanced its capabilities with smartphones to now easily provide children and teens with endless access to the internet, social media, and other online activities. Research is showing that addictive, smart phone activities of youth in their formative years is directly impacting their wellbeing. The excessive time youth spend on their smartphones results in less human interaction, sleep, exercise, and productivity, as well as, increased risk of exposure to inappropriate or violent online media, anxiety, and depression. The purpose of this column is... 
A novel coronavirus caused a series of acute respiratory diseases in Wuhan, China. The disease caused by this virus was termed COVID-19 later. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread at unprecedented speed all over the world. The first outbreak of COVID-19 was in Wuhan, China, where Chinese anesthesiologists had to encounter increasing numbers of infected patients since December 2019. The first case of COVID-19 was reported in early December 2019 in and it was called as pneumonia. Approximately 15 to 20% of patients with COVID-19 required some form of oxygen therapy and ventilation support.This virus transmits between humans and... 
In the framework of the Covid-19 pandemic, the health organizations draw attention to the roles and responsibilities of the veterinary profession for public health. They highlight the specific veterinary activities which are key to ensure a continuum in food safety, disease prevention and emergency management of animals. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses. Some coronaviruses cause cold-like illnesses in people, while others cause illness in certain types of animals, such as cattle, camels, and bats. Some coronaviruses, such as canine and feline coronaviruses, infect only animals and do not infect humans. Some coronaviruses that infect animals can be spread... 
The term "anatomy" is commonly taken to refer to human anatomy. However, substantially the same structures and tissues are found throughout the rest of the animal kingdom and the term also includes the anatomy of other animals. The term zootomy is also sometimes used to specifically refer to non-human animals. The structure and tissues of plants are of a dissimilar nature and they are studied in plant anatomy. Humans have the overall body plan of a mammal. Humans have a head, neck, trunk (which includes the thorax and abdomen), two arms and hands, and two legs and feet. Generally, students... 
Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine. It is the study of parts of all creatures living, human, animals. It tells you about muscles, skeletons, arteries and systems. It tells you what is the creature are formed of. The term "anatomy" is commonly taken to refer to human anatomy. However, substantially the same structures and... 
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Uncontrolled Proliferation of Glandular Type Cells Leads to form Prostate Cancer PROSTATE CANCER Adenocarcinoma, the most common form of prostate cancer, is an uncontrolled proliferation of glandular type cells. Prostate cancer can grow and invade surrounding structures, obstruct the bladder outlet and metastasize widely often to bone where it causes painful lesions and pathological fractures. Obstruction can cause urinary retention which, if not relieved, can result in kidney damage. Although rare in men younger than 40 years, prostate cancer incidence increases with each subsequent decade and is present in virtually every man who reaches the ninth decade. The prostate... 
Measures to Prevention of Kidney Stones 
The thoracic duct (TD), as the largest lymphatic vessel, drains approximately three quarters of the body’s lymph into the venous 
Internal carotid artery aneurysms are rare pathologies. Endovascular treatment of these disorders is new and emerging field of interventional neurology. A 50 year old male presented to our unit with progressive headaches, visual disturbance and panhypopituitarism. Investigations revealed a giant fusiform right cavernous internal artery aneurysm (39 x 33 x 37 mm). He underwent endovascular treatment with a Surpass flow diverting stent and subsequently developed a cavernous sinus syndrome and carotid-venous fistula. A novel stent-in-stent technique was utilized and a Surpass Streamline 3 x 25 mm flow-diverting stent was placed across the fistulating zone of the initial stent, with clinical... 
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A 49-year-old woman presented with exertional dyspnea of NYHA class III and was diagnosed to be a case of rheumatic heart disease and was in atrial fibrillation. Her echocardiography showed severe mitral stenosis, pulmonary arterial 
Case Report: A 58-year old man presented to the breast surgery clinic with a progressively increasing right breast prominence. About 7 years ago he had undergone excision of a right breast mass, which turned out to be an interpectoral lipoma. His MRI was done, and it showed a lipomatous mass confined to the right interpectoral region suggestive of recurrence of the lipoma. An ultrasound guided core biopsy excluded sarcoma. The mass was completely excised surgically. Final pathology confirmed a recurrent interpectoral lipoma. Introduction: Intermuscular lipomas constitute a small percentage of adipocytic neoplasms unlike the subcutaneous lipomas which are fairly common.... 
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Photonics and its Applications American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (IPACSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Here we gave a brief note on Photonics and its Applications. Photonics is the physical science of light (photon) generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing. Though covering all light's technical applications over the whole spectrum, most photonic applications are in the range of visible and near-infrared light. The term photonics developed as an outgrowth of the first practical semiconductor light emitters invented in the early 1960s and optical fibers developed in the 1970s. Applications Applications... 
Quantum computing and its Applications American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (IPACSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Here we gave a brief note on Quantum computing and its Applications. Quantum computing is the use of quantum-mechanical phenomena such as superposition and entanglement to perform computation. Computers that perform quantum computations are known as quantum computers. Quantum computers are believed to be able to solve certain computational problems, such as integer factorization (which underlies RSA encryption), substantially faster than classical computers. The study of quantum computing is a subfield of quantum information science. Quantum computers could spur the development of new breakthroughs in... 
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Liver cirrhosis is increasingly becoming the major cause of global health burden. It originates through a dynamic process of liver fibrogenesis and fibrosis. Excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix comprising collagen, glycoproteins and other components alter the organization of liver lobule into fibrotic histology. Fibrogensis deprive the hepatocytes from oxygen and nutrients supply leading to necrosis which impedes the metabolic exchange between blood and liver cells. Fibrogenesis initiated as a response to liver injury is an integrated process involving complex molecular, cellular and histological changes towards the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. Molecules like growth factors, proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, reactive oxygen... 
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Malassezia yeast exist on all humans and have long been associated with healthy and diseased skin. In this Article Collection of Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology; Fungal Pathogenesis, we will present multiple papers outlining the state of the art in understanding the role Malassezia in skin health and disease. Over the last thirty years, the term “microbiome” has grown exponentially in scientific discourse, generating hundreds of thousands of publications and patents. Although the human-associated microbial community consists of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea, the vast majority of these publications have been limited to gut bacteria. Only in the two... 
Cardiovascular disease- lifestyle changes Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a general term for conditions affecting the heart or blood vessels.It's usually associated with a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries (atherosclerosis) and an increased risk of blood clots. It can also be associated with damage to arteries in organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes.CVD is one of the main causes of death and disability in the UK, but it can often largely be prevented by leading a healthy lifestyle. Our Journal welcomes submissions of manuscripts on the topics covering Atherosclerosis, Heart Attack, Ischemic Stroke, Cardiac ischemia, Plaque... 
Echocardiogram- sound waves Our Journal welcomes submissions of manuscripts on the topics covering Atherosclerosis, Heart Attack, Ischemic Stroke, Cardiac ischemia, Plaque Attacks, Heart failure, Arrhythmia, Bradycardia, Tachycardia, Heart Valve problems, Angina, heart failure, etc. In the quality perspective, the journal is determined to maintain an exceptionally high standard in both facts and ethics. Accuracy and authenticity in the scientific reports of present journal are conserved above all nominal needs of the time. Echocardiogram: This test uses sound waves to produce video images of your heart in motion. During this test, specialists hold a wandlike device (transducer) on your chest. Doctors... 
Diabetic Ketoacidosis in COVID-19: unique concerns and considerations While individuals with diabetes appear to be at similar risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection than those without diabetes, they are more likely to suffer severe consequences, including death. Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a common and potentially lethal acute complication of diabetes arising from a relative insulin deficiency, which occurs more often in those with type 1 diabetes and in the setting of moderate to severe illness. Early reports indicate that among patients with preexisting diabetes, DKA may be a common complication of severe COVID-19 and a poor prognostic sign. This clinical perspective... 
MXenes are a class of two-dimensional inorganic compounds. These materials consist of few-atoms-thick layers of transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides. First described in 2011, MXenes combine metallic conductivity of transition metal carbides and hydrophilic nature because of their hydroxyl or oxygen terminated surfaces. STRUCTURE Scanning electron microscope image of the MXene produced by HF-etching of Ti3AlC2. As-synthesized MXenes prepared via HF etching have an accordion-like morphology, which can be referred to as a multi-layer MXene (ML-MXene), or a few-layer MXene (FL-MXene) when there are fewer than five layers. Because the surfaces of MXenes can be terminated by functional groups, the naming convention Mn+1XnTx can be used, where T... 
LISICON is an acronym for LIthium Super Ionic Conductor, which refers to a family of solids with the chemical formula Li2+2xZn1−xGeO4. The crystal structure of LISICON consists of a network of [Li11Zn(GeO4)4]3- as well as 3 loosely bonded Li+. The weaker bonds allow for the lithium ions to easily move from site to site, not needing to break strong bonds to do so. Also, this structure forms large “bottlenecks” between the interstitial positions which these ions occupy, additionally lowering the energy required to move from site to sit. These two factors allow for the lithium ions to diffuse quickly and easily through the structure. However, because of the shape... 
Dentistry and Craniofacial Research is one of the best open access journals that aims to publish the most complete and reliable source of information on discoveries and current developments in the mode of original articles, review articles, case reports, short communications, etc. in this field and provide online access without any restrictions or subscriptions to researchers worldwide. The scientists, professors, research scholars can publish their high quality papers for worldwide viability on our online platform. Manuscripts can be submitted through Editorial tracking system. 
Cardiac Hypertension Hypertensive heart disease refers to heart conditions caused by high blood pressure. The heart working under increased pressure causes some different heart disorders. Hypertensive heart disease includes heart failure, thickening of the heart muscle, coronary artery disease, and other conditions. Hypertensive heart disease can cause serious health problems. It’s the leading cause of death from high blood pressure. Our Journal welcomes submissions of manuscripts on the topics covering Atherosclerosis, Heart Attack, Ischemic Stroke, Cardiac ischemia, Plaque Attacks, Heart failure, Arrhythmia, Bradycardia, Tachycardia, Heart Valve problems, Angina, heart failure, etc. In the quality perspective, the journal is determined to... 
Narrowing of the arteries Our Journal welcomes submissions of manuscripts on the topics covering Atherosclerosis, Heart Attack, Ischemic Stroke, Cardiac ischemia, Plaque Attacks, Heart failure, Arrhythmia, Bradycardia, Tachycardia, Heart Valve problems, Angina, heart failure, etc. In the quality perspective, the journal is determined to maintain an exceptionally high standard in both facts and ethics. Accuracy and authenticity in the scientific reports of present journal are conserved above all nominal needs of the time. Coronary arteries transport blood to your heart muscle. When high blood pressure causes the blood vessels to become narrow, blood flow to the heart can slow or... 
Immune outposts inside kidney tumors. Patients with well-supported immune cells in their tumors are more likely to control their cancers' growth for a longer time findings that could guide treatment decisions after surgery for kidney cancer. In addition, ongoing work has found the observation is broadly applicable to many cancer types, and could help researchers expand the dramatic but sparse benefits of cancer immunotherapy to more people. CD8 T cells hunt down and eliminate intruders in this case, cancer cells. In patients with high levels of CD8 T cells residing in their tumors, their immune systems appeared to be better... 
It has been indicated that cyclic electron flow (CEF) around photosystem I (PSI) plays an important role in photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants, especially under environmental stresses. Generally, environmental stresses inhibit the Calvin cycle and subsequently increase the risk of photoinhibition of PSI and photosystem II (PSII). Mutation of genes encoding proteins involved in CEF increased PSII (or/and PSI) photinhibition on condition of excess light energy. In plants, CEF generates proton gradient across thylakoid membrane (pH) controls electron transfer from PSII to PSI and thus protect PSI through increasing the P700 oxidation ratio and preventing over-reduction of P700 reaction centers.... 
Blocking brain signals detected in the kidney may lead to kidney failure 
The plant cell wall is a dynamic network surrounding the plant cell. It consists of a cross-linked polysaccharide matrix, including as major components cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose and pectin, as well as the minor components of structural proteins and lignin. The plant cell wall represents the most abundant terrestrial carbon source, and plays a key role in many important plant physiological processes. The wall characteristics vary in different cell types and are highly-regulated during cell biological processes. The dynamic and flexible properties of the cell wall facilitate cell growth and cell differentiation as well as sensing and signaling to external and... 
The thoracic duct (TD), as the largest lymphatic vessel, drains approximately three quarters of the body’s lymph into the venous 
Internal carotid artery aneurysms are rare pathologies. Endovascular treatment of these disorders is new and emerging field of interventional neurology. A 50 year old male presented to our unit with progressive headaches, visual disturbance and panhypopituitarism. Investigations revealed a giant fusiform right cavernous internal artery aneurysm (39 x 33 x 37 mm). He underwent endovascular treatment with a Surpass flow diverting stent and subsequently developed a cavernous sinus syndrome and carotid-venous fistula. A novel stent-in-stent technique was utilized and a Surpass Streamline 3 x 25 mm flow-diverting stent was placed across the fistulating zone of the initial stent, with clinical... 
Coronary neovascularisation is a known phenomenon in cases of collateral formation. But the same entity has also been seen but less described in a chronic thrombus or tumors formed in atrial chambers. Here we present interesting images where neovascularisation with fistula formation was evident on angiography into a left atrial thrombus which was documented on echocardiography and also intraoperatively. This phenomenon might explain and avoid unusual anxiety when noted on angiography for the first time. Neovascularisation; Dyspnea; Tumor vascularity A 49-year-old woman presented with exertional dyspnea of NYHA class III and was diagnosed to be a case of rheumatic heart... 
Introduction: Intermuscular lipomas constitute a small percentage of adipocytic neoplasms unlike the subcutaneous lipomas which are fairly common. The recurrence rate of intermuscular lipomas is 1%. Case Report: A 58-year old man presented to the breast surgery clinic with a progressively increasing right breast prominence. About 7 years ago he had undergone excision of a right breast mass, which turned out to be an interpectoral lipoma. His MRI was done, and it showed a lipomatous mass confined to the right interpectoral region suggestive of recurrence of the lipoma. An ultrasound guided core biopsy excluded sarcoma. The mass was completely excised... 
Quantum mechanics and its principles American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Here we gave a brief note on Quantum mechanics and its principles. Quantum mechanics is the branch of physics relating to the very small. It results in what may appear to be some very strange conclusions about the physical world. At the scale of atoms and electrons, many of the equations of classical mechanics, which describe how things move at everyday sizes and speeds, cease to be useful. In classical mechanics,... 
Cryptography and types cryptographic techniques American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. This journal is devoted to the publication referred papers on cutting-edge research in all the scientific areas of Computer Engineering and novel insights into its technology. Here we gave a brief note on Cryptography and types cryptographic techniques which are related to computer engineering. Definition: Cryptography is associated with the process of converting ordinary plain text into unintelligible text and vice-versa. It is a method of storing and transmitting data in a... 
Due to their specific 
Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is a technique in instrumental analysis where two or more mass analyzers are coupled together using an additional reaction step to increase their abilities to analyse chemical samples. A common use of tandem-MS is the analysis of biomolecules, such as proteins and peptides. The molecules of a given sample are ionized and the first spectrometer separates these ions by their mass-to-charge ratio (often given as m/z or m/Q). Ions of a particular m/z-ratio coming from MS1 are selected and then made to split into smaller fragment ions, e.g. by collision-induced dissociation, ion-molecule reaction, or photodissociation. These fragments are then introduced into the second mass spectrometer , which in turn separates the fragments by their m/z-ratio and detects them. The fragmentation step makes... 
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Electrospray ionization (ESI) is a technique used in mass spectrometry to produce ions using an electrospray in which a high voltage is applied to a liquid to create an aerosol. It is especially useful in producing ions from macromolecules because it overcomes the propensity of these molecules to fragment when ionized. Mass spectrometry using ESI is called electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) or, less commonly, electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS). ESI is a so-called 'soft ionization' technique, since there is very little fragmentation. IONIZATION MECHANISM The liquid containing the analyte(s) of interest is dispersed by electrospray,into a fine aerosol. Because the ion formation involves extensive solvent evaporation (also termed desolvation), the... 
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Endometrioma, fertility, and assisted reproductive treatments: connecting the dots Surgery has traditionally been the primary treatment option for endometriosis-related infertility of any phenotype. However, advances and refinements of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) permit a more conservative approach in many scenarios. This review summarizes the latest findings in the field of reproductive medicine, which have supported a paradigm shift towards more conservative management of ovarian endometrioma. The presence of ovarian endometrioma per se is likely to impair ovarian reserve and alter ovarian functional anatomy. Conventional laparoscopic surgery is associated with significant risk of additional damage, and less invasive treatment approaches require... 
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International Society for Wildlife Endocrinology: the future of endocrine measures for reproductive science, animal welfare and conservation biology Hormone analysis is a precise and widely accepted tool for monitoring reproductive function and responses to stressors. Although hormones are present and can be measured in various biological matrices, non-invasive methods have gained popularity over the past 30 years as a more practical approach for assessing ovarian, testicular and, more recently, adrenocortical activity in intractable wildlife species. Non-invasive hormone monitoring also has been key to understanding biological mechanisms related to observed behaviours of captive and free-ranging animals. Despite the increasing popularity... 
Author Name: Desrina R Category Name: Science and Technology Description: Memristors, or memory transistors, are an essential element in neuromorphic computing. In a neuromorphic device, a memristor would serve as the transistor in a circuit, though its workings would more closely resemble a brain synapse the junction between two neurons. The 
Author Name: Desrina R Category Name: Science and Technology Description: Our new system achieves rewritable routing, sorting and gating of droplets with minimal external control, which are essential functions for the digital logic control of droplets, said Researcher. And we achieve it with less energy and a simpler setup that can control more droplets simultaneously than previous systems." Automated fluid handling has driven the development of many scientific fields such as clinical diagnostics and large-scale 
The thoracic duct (TD), as the largest lymphatic vessel, drains approximately three quarters of the body’s lymph into the venous 
Internal carotid artery aneurysms are rare pathologies. Endovascular treatment of these disorders is new and emerging field of interventional neurology. A 50 year old male presented to our unit with progressive headaches, visual disturbance and panhypopituitarism. Investigations revealed a giant fusiform right cavernous internal artery aneurysm (39 x 33 x 37 mm). He underwent endovascular treatment with a Surpass flow diverting stent and subsequently developed a cavernous sinus syndrome and carotid-venous fistula. A novel stent-in-stent technique was utilized and a Surpass Streamline 3 x 25 mm flow-diverting stent was placed across the fistulating zone of the initial stent, with clinical... 
Coronary neovascularisation is a known phenomenon in cases of collateral formation. But the same entity has also been seen but less described in a chronic thrombus or tumors formed in atrial chambers. Here we present interesting images where neovascularisation with fistula formation was evident on angiography into a left atrial thrombus which was documented on echocardiography and also intraoperatively. This phenomenon might explain and avoid unusual anxiety when noted on angiography for the first time. Neovascularisation; Dyspnea; Tumor vascularity A 49-year-old woman presented with exertional dyspnea of NYHA class III and was diagnosed to be a case of rheumatic heart... 
Introduction: Intermuscular lipomas constitute a small percentage of adipocytic neoplasms unlike the subcutaneous lipomas which are fairly common. The recurrence rate of intermuscular lipomas is 1%. Case Report: A 58-year old man presented to the breast surgery clinic with a progressively increasing right breast prominence. About 7 years ago he had undergone excision of a right breast mass, which turned out to be an interpectoral lipoma. His MRI was done, and it showed a lipomatous mass confined to the right interpectoral region suggestive of recurrence of the lipoma. An ultrasound guided core biopsy excluded sarcoma. The mass was completely excised... 
The first European journal devoted solely to the topic of Advances in kidney Diseases and Treatment. 
Microbiology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of microorganisms that is, organisms that are usually too small to be seen clearly with unaided eye. These organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, many algae and fungi. Some members of these groups, particularly some of the algae and fungi, are larger and quite visible. Two bacteria that are visible without a microscope, Thiomargarita and Epulopiscium, also have been discovered. The need to study these minute organisms started when some investigators suspected their existence and responsibility for disease. It took the invention of the first microscope by Antoin Van Leeuwenhoek in 1676... 
Supplement levels for people who are suffering from kidney diseases 
Microbiology refers to the study of micro-organisms which can either be unicellular or cell cluster based microscopic organisms. Prime examples of these are eukaryotes like fungi, prokaryotes and protists. Premature ejaculation causes and symptoms are studied as well. In the intellect of an inferior in human’s life, microbiology refers to the study of life and organisms that are too diminutive for studying with a naked eye. It also includes immunology which is the study of immune system. Microbiology means the study of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, algae, virus, etc. Literally, 'micro' means small, 'bio' means life and 'loge' means study.... 
Investigations of brain aging have continuously progressed over the past several decades. Since an increase in age is the greatest risk factor for dementia and related disorders, much attention has been focused on research to understand the mechanisms of disease-related brain aging. Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration are mostly diagnosed by neuropathological features with protein inclusions such as Aβ, tau, α-synuclein, TDP-43, and FUS. These proteins are expected to lose physiological function and interact with functional molecules with age. Consequently, acquired pathologies of aged proteins are accumulated and propagated in neural cells.... 
Computer network, Design and Protocol American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Cloud Computing and its types and advantages are described below. A computer network is a group of computers that use a set of common communication protocols over digital interconnections for the purpose of sharing resources located on or provided by the network nodes. The interconnections between nodes are formed from a broad spectrum of telecommunication network technologies, based on physically wired, optical, and wireless radio-frequency methods that may be arranged in a variety of network topologies. Computer Network Classification and Area Networks... 
Cloud Computing || Types and advantages American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Cloud Computing and its types and advantages are described below. Cloud Computing: Cloud computing is the delivery of different services through the Internet. These resources include tools and applications like data storage, servers, databases, networking, and software. Rather than keeping files on a proprietary hard drive or local storage device, cloud-based storage makes it possible to save them to a remote database. As long as an electronic device has access to... 
Passive infrared sensor / PIR sensor is an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most often used in PIR-based motion detectors. PIR sensors are commonly used in security alarms and automatic lighting applications.PIR sensors detect general movement, but do not give information on who or what moved. For that purpose, an active IR sensor is required.PIR sensors are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive infrared detector". The term passive refers to the fact that PIR devices do not radiate energy for detection purposes. They work entirely by detecting infrared radiation (radiant heat) emitted by or reflected from objects.... 
A chemical sensor is a device which responds to a particular analyte molecule in a selective way in the presence of other molecules through a chemical reaction and can be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the analyte in the complex sample. After recognition of a molecular entity, the chemical sensor transduces the signal through a physicochemical process into an electrical signal which can be further amplified and processed.While before chapter deals with different types of acoustic transducers, this tutorial focuses on the chemical sensing layer that affects the molecular recognition and the different transducers that can be... 
It is a span of rare autoimmune diseases that initially affect the function of retinal photoreceptor and encompass cancer associated retinopathy, melanoma associated 
COVID-19: Issues related to kidney disease and hypertension This topic will discuss issues related to COVID-19 and delivery of nephrology care in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), acute kidney injury (AKI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hypertension. Issues related to the care of patients who are candidates for or have a kidney transplant are discussed separately. END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE Patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are particularly vulnerable to severe COVID-19 due to the older age and high frequency of comorbidity, such as diabetes and hypertension, in this population. Management of patients with ESKD varies based upon whether they... 
Biomarker in urine may offer non-invasive detection of prostate cancer 
Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) associated factors (TRAFs) are a family of signaling adaptors first identified as components of TNFR signaling complexes. TRAFs are now recognized to influence signal transduction downstream of a diverse array of receptors including (i) TNFR superfamily members, (ii) antigen receptors, (iii) Toll-like receptors and (iv) cytokine receptors. Additionally, TRAFs perform important regulatory roles as cytoplasmic and – in some cases – nuclear proteins. In recent years, it has become clear that TRAF proteins can function as both positive and negative regulators of cell signaling, depending on the context. Structural analysis of TRAF protein interactions is... 
Coronary artery disease also known as coronary heart disease (or) ischemic heart disease involves the reduction of blood flow to the heart muscle due to build-up of plaque in the arteries of the heart.--- It is the most common of the cardiovascular diseases.Types include stable angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. A common symptom is chest pain or discomfort which may travel into the shoulder, arm, back, neck, or jaw. Occasionally it may feel like heartburn. Usually symptoms occur with exercise or emotional stress, last less than a few minutes, and improve with rest. Shortness of breath may also occur and sometimes no symptoms are present. In many cases, the first sign is a heart attack. Other complications include heart failure or an abnormal... 
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can involve the heart, joints, skin, and brain. The disease typically develops two to four weeks after a streptococcal throat infection. Signs and symptoms include fever, multiple painful joints, involuntary muscle movements, and occasionally a characteristic non-itchy rash known as erythema marginatum. The heart is involved in about half of the cases. Damage to the heart valves, known as rheumatic heart disease (RHD), usually occurs after repeated attacks but can sometimes occur after one. The damaged valves may result in heart failure, atrial fibrillation and infection of the valves. The disease typically develops two to four weeks after a throat infection. Symptoms include: fever, painful joints with those joints affected changing with time, involuntary muscle movements, and... 
The surprising fact about asthma is that it is such a common disease that affects children younger than 18 years. Asthma may appear at any age; however, between 80% and 90% of children with asthma develop symptoms by age 4 or 5 years. Luckily, in the larger part of cases, indications are mild to reasonably serious. When the condition is appropriately dealt with medications and natural measures, potentially incapacitating flare-ups can be prevented. 
Virtual reality and its applications American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Below we have discussed about Virtual reality and its applications Virtual reality (VR) means experiencing things through our computers that don't really exist. When you look at an amazing Canaletto painting, for example, you're experiencing the sights and sounds of Italy as it was about 250 years ago—so that's a kind of virtual reality. Types of virtual reality Fully immersive Non-immersive Collaborative Web-based Augmented reality What equipment do we need for virtual... 
The treatment chosen for your CML largely depends on the phase of your disease, your age and general health. Most people with CML will be treated with drugs called tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs work by blocking the activity of an enzyme called bcr-abl and thereby preventing the growth and proliferation of the leukemic cells. The most common decision to be made at diagnosis is which of the three available TKI drugs is most suited to you. This varies from person to person and your doctor will examine all the information about you that is available to them to decide... 
The function of living organisms is determined by the behavior of chiral compounds and their reactions. Not only the RNA and DNA influence this function, but the enantiomers of amino acids and sugars also have a dominant role. So, it is not surprising that an increasing number of drugs contain single enantiomers, which are often prepared by resolution of racemic compounds obtained due of chemical syntheses. The therapeutically effect of enantiomers can be different, and it is not rare that these effects are opposite. A tragic reminder of the importance of chirality is thalidomide, in the early 1960s. So, the... 
Role of Nanotechnology in computer science and engineering American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Below we have discussed about Nanotechnology in computer science and engineering. Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the molecular level in scales smaller than 1 micrometre, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices within that size range. It is a highly multidisciplinary field, drawing from fields such as applied physics,... 
The thoracic duct (TD), as the largest lymphatic vessel, drains approximately three quarters of the body’s lymph into the venous 
Internal carotid artery aneurysms are rare pathologies. Endovascular treatment of these disorders is new and emerging field of interventional neurology. A 50 year old male presented to our unit with progressive headaches, visual disturbance and panhypopituitarism. Investigations revealed a giant fusiform right cavernous internal artery aneurysm (39 x 33 x 37 mm). He underwent endovascular treatment with a Surpass flow diverting stent and subsequently developed a cavernous sinus syndrome and carotid-venous fistula. A novel stent-in-stent technique was utilized and a Surpass Streamline 3 x 25 mm flow-diverting stent was placed across the fistulating zone of the initial stent, with clinical... 
In March 2013, a 50-year-old smoker without medical history presented with asthenia and weight loss (4 kg). Medical investigations revealed a CD4 lymphopenia without AIDS infection and an excavated opacity measured 32 mm × 51 mm in the in right lower lobe (Figure 1) with a right hilar adenopathy in the chest CT-scan. Pulmonary fibroscopy revealed an abnormality on the right vocal cord but no bronchial lesion. The FDG-PET (Fludeoxyglucose Positron Emisssion Tomography) scan showed hyperfixation of the excavated pulmonary opacity and of the adenopathy (Figure 2 and 3). Because of this suspicion of pulmonary malignancy, surgery was scheduled. In April 2013, the... 
The most inspiring article in the Journal of Nephrology and Urology Journal of Nephrology and Urology published many of inspiring articles. Here we are explain a short note on article entitled “Prognostic Factors of Renal Impairment in Multiple Myeloma in Senegal” 
Abstract Liesegang rings are rare and very few cases reported in literature in association with malignancy. Although they have no biologic or clinical significance, unique morphology and unfamiliarity with these structures are often confused with malignancy, lithiasis and parasitic infestation. We herein report a case of milk of calcium renal cyst with Liesegang structures in an autopsy done on a pancreatic cancer patient who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and was enrolled in a clinical trial involving irreversible electroporation (IRE). This case reports highlights the relationship between “milk of calcium cysts” in radiology and “Liesegang rings”, in pathology and is the first... 
Nanotechnology is a field of research and innovation concerned with building 'things' - generally, materials and devices - on the scale of atoms and molecules. A nanometre is one-billionth of a metre: ten times the diameter of a hydrogen atom. The diameter of a human hair is, on average, 80,000 nanometres. Nanotechnology, the manipulation of matter at the atomic and molecular scale to create materials with remarkably varied and new properties, is a rapidly expanding area of research with huge potential in many sectors, ranging from healthcare to construction and electronics. In medicine, it promises to revolutionize drug delivery, gene... 
Removing Belly Fat Before It Sticks to You: University Researchers Produce Fat-Busting Proteins University of Cincinnati researchers produce fat-busting proteins in the laboratory. Triglycerides, those fats that seem to be the bane of any diet, remain a mystery for many researchers. Plenty of them are in Big Macs, deep pan pizza and the like, but some are a necessity to fuel the body for daily activities. Researchers Mark Castleberry, a doctoral student, and professor Sean Davidson, both in the UC College of Medicine, have found a way to produce in the laboratory a human protein produced in the liver... 
MEDICAL AND HEALTH RESEARCH: AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL 
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY: AN OPEN ACCESS JOURNAL “
Breast Cancer: One- versus three-week schedule for adjuvant whole breast radiation therapy in early breast cancer For patients receiving adjuvant whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) for early breast cancer, conventional dosage schedules are given over several weeks, while "hypofractionated" schedules complete treatment over a shorter timeframe. In a randomized trial of over 4000 patients with early breast cancer, a hypofractionated schedule (26 Gy in five fractions over one week) reduced the rate of five-year ipsilateral breast tumor relapse compared with a conventional adjuvant schedule (40 Gy over three weeks) (1.4 versus 2.1 percent) . Further study is needed to... 
Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique typically used to determine vibrational modes of molecules, although rotational and other low-frequency modes of systems may also be observed.Raman spectroscopy relies upon inelastic scattering of photons, known as Raman scattering. A source of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range is used, although X-rays can also be used. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. INSTRUMENETATION It has the following components Lasers, Detectors and Filters. APPLICATIONS Raman spectroscopy is used in chemistry to identify molecules... 
Electro-optical sensors are electronic detectors that convert light, or a change in light, into an electronic signal. These sensors are able to detect electromagnetic radiation from the infrared up to the ultraviolet wavelengths. TYPES OF ELECTRO-OPTICAL SENSOR There are many different kinds of optical sensors, the most common types are: Photoconductive devices convert a change of incident light into a change of resistance. Photovoltaics, commonly known as solar cells, convert an amount of incident light into an output voltage. Photodiodes convert an amount of incident light into an output current. Phototransistors are a type of bipolar transistor where the base-collector junction is exposed to light. This... 
Most human neoplasms are aneuploid and this state of abnormal chromosome number is the result of elevated rates of whole-chromosome mis-segregation, a process known as Chromosomal Instability (CIN). A number of cellular mechanisms that lead to CIN have recently been uncovered and it is now evident that CIN can result from the perturbation of a variety of pathways that normally ensure the faithful segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Furthermore, some recent evidence is now linking chromosome mis-segregation to increased rates of DNA damage, as well as chromosome pulverization and endo-duplication. Despite of the advances made to understand the cause of... 
Plant karyotypes display a great diversity in chromosome number and morphology, as well as DNA amount and composition. Chromosomal evolution, one of the driving forces underlaying diversification and speciation in plants, is usually complex and employs various mechanisms. Although chromosome number and karyotype structure are still the most frequently recorded cytological characters, last decades have brought a range of new tools that allow for better insights into chromosomal and genome evolution in plants. The massively parallel sequencing technology (next-generation sequencing, NGS) has in last few years revolutionized nearly all biological disciplines. Genome skimming using NGS and whole-genome sequences opened up... 
What is Urology and Some of the Sub-Disciplines under Urology 
Colon: The long, coiled, tubular organ which removes water from digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves up to the rectum through the colon and leaves the body through the anus. Often named large intestine and large intestine. Source-Source. In civil and war situations, colon and rectum wounds arising from penetrating or blunt trauma are frequently encountered. This form of injury had been associated with substantial mortality and morbidity prior to World War II. Wounds of the colon and rectum resulting from penetrating or blunt trauma are commonly encountered in civilian and War circumstances. Prior to the... 
Arrhythmia, also known as cardiac arrhythmia or heart arrhythmia, is a group of conditions in which the 
Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF) and congestive cardiac failure (CCF), is when the 
Tips to How to control the Kidney Diseases Complications 
Some of the common Urologic conditions and Urologic Diseases The term “urologic diseases” describes a wide variety of conditions, all related to the filtering and carrying of urine out of the body. These diseases can affect men, women, and children of all ages. These diseases affect very specific parts of the body. In females, they involve the urinary tract. In males, they affect the urinary tract or the reproductive organs. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an enlarged prostate. It is an increase in the size of the prostate gland. BPH is very common in older men. It is not... 
Author Name: Desrina R Category Name: Science and Technology Description: A team of engineers has created hardware that can learn skills using a type of AI that currently runs on software platforms. Sharing intelligence features between hardware and software would offset the energy needed for using AI in more advanced 
Author Name: Desrina R Category Name: Science and Technology Description: Identifying sources of light plays an important role in the development of many photonic technologies, such as lidar, remote sensing, and microscopy. Traditionally, identifying light sources as diverse as sunlight, laser radiation, or molecule fluorescence has required millions of measurements, particularly in low-light environments, which limits the realistic implementation of quantum photonic technologies. Researchers demonstrated a smart 
As we all know that the world is currently fighting against the Pandemic. But here are some lesser known facts about the Coronavirus and its effects on other organs like kidney other than the lungs. Exactly how the virus affects the kidneys is still unclear, but experts have theories. One is that the coronavirus directly attacks the kidneys. A study showed that the coronavirus infiltrates the body by binding to a type of receptor on cells called ACE2. These special receptors are essentially docking sites that are found not only in cells in the heart and lungs, but also in... 
The thoracic duct (TD), as the largest lymphatic vessel, drains approximately three quarters of the body’s lymph into the venous 
Internal carotid artery aneurysms are rare pathologies. Endovascular treatment of these disorders is new and emerging field of interventional neurology. A 50 year old male presented to our unit with progressive headaches, visual disturbance and panhypopituitarism. Investigations revealed a giant fusiform right cavernous internal artery aneurysm (39 x 33 x 37 mm). He underwent endovascular treatment with a Surpass flow diverting stent and subsequently developed a cavernous sinus syndrome and carotid-venous fistula. A novel stent-in-stent technique was utilized and a Surpass Streamline 3 x 25 mm flow-diverting stent was placed across the fistulating zone of the initial stent, with clinical... 
Neonatal seizures (NSs) differ from seizures in other age groups in terms of their etiology, clinical presentation, treatment methods, and prognostic factors. The incidence of NSs was reported to range from 0.18% to 0.35% in population-based studies. The mortality rate of NSs has decreased from 40% to 20% in recent decades. However, the rates of neurologic sequelae have not decreased. The risk of mortality due to seizures and the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders (among surviving children) have raised many questions regarding the immediate diagnosis of NSs, acute interventions and drug selections, long-term prognosis of affected babies, predictive risk factors of... 
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is the resonant oscillation of conduction electrons at the interface between negative and positive permittivity material stimulated by incident light. SPR is the basis of many standard tools for measuring adsorption of material onto planar metal (typically gold or silver) surfaces or onto the surface of metal nanoparticles. It is the fundamental principle behind many color-based biosensor applications, different lab-on-a-chip sensors and diatom photosynthesis. APPLICATIONS Surface plasmons have been used to enhance the surface sensitivity of several spectroscopic measurements including fluorescence, Raman scattering, and second-harmonic generation. However, in their simplest form, SPR reflectivity measurements can be used to detect molecular adsorption, such as polymers, DNA or proteins, etc. Technically,... 
Combinatorial chemistry Combinatorial chemistry comprises 
Deconvolution and screening The synthesized molecules of a combinatorial library are 'cleaved' from the solid support and mixed into solution. In such solution, millions of different compounds may be found. When this synthetic method was developed, it first seemed impossible to identify the molecules, and to find molecules with useful properties. Strategies of purification, identification, and screening were developed, however, to solve the problem. All these strategies are based on synthesis and testing of partial libraries. The earliest strategy, the "Iteration method" is described in the above-mentioned document of Furka notarized in 1982. Identification of the sequence of the active... 
Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) film is a nanostructured system formed when Langmuir films or Langmuir monolayers (LM) are transferred from the liquid-gas interface to solid supports during the vertical passage of the support through the monolayers. LB films can contain one or more monolayers of an organic material, deposited from the surface of a liquid onto a solid by immersing (or emersing) the solid substrate into (or from) the liquid. A monolayer is adsorbed homogeneously with each immersion or emersion step, thus films with very accurate thickness can be formed. This thickness is accurate because the thickness of each monolayer is known and can therefore... 
Our knowledge regarding pathogen recognition by innate immune receptors and their role in immunity and pathogenesis has grown exponentially over the past decade. The importance of this topic has been confirmed by the awarding of the Nobel Prize to the discoverers of the Toll-like receptors and dendritic cells. The set of articles proposed for this "Snapshot" of the current field will examine the role of these pattern recognition receptors in induction of innate and acquired protective immunity toward pathogens and their role in both the pathology seen with diseases as well as microbial pathogenesis and potential evasion from these mechanisms... 
Research into human development depends on the use of animal model systems which share many of the same developmental pathways as Homo sapiens. Two species of clawed frog, Xenopus laevis and Xenopus tropicalis, have become pillars of modern biological research and are extensively used for developmental biology, cell biology, genetics, physiology, biochemistry, toxicology, and small molecule screens. Historically, Xenopus laevis has been used due to its numerous experimental advantages, including short generation time, large clutch sizes, robust and manipulable embryos, and low cost. Its large oocytes and embryos are also well suited to biochemical and cell biological studies, both cell-free... 
What to know about a hysterectomy A hysterectomy is a standard surgical procedure that involves the complete or partial removal of a person’s uterus. A person may require a hysterectomy for one of several reasons. The surgery can help treat chronic pain conditions, as well as certain types of cancers and infections. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hysterectomies are very common, with 1 in 3 women in the United States having had one by the age of 60. A hysterectomy is a surgical procedure that completely or partially removes a person’s uterus. The uterus,... 
NIH Adapts to COVID-19 Pandemic With the severe disruption to research activity due to the COVID-19 pandemic causing strain at labs across the country, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has had to quickly address the situation for the workforce while also mobilizing to support research activities related to the virus and comorbidities. Despite the extreme challenge of the situation, the NIH has remained accessible and extramural staff are working hard to share information with the research community, process grant applications, make awards, and continue operations while working remotely. Recognizing that extramural research labs are operating at a significantly... 
Integrated Circuit (IC), Design and Assembly American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Below we have discussed about Integrated Circuits and designs. Definition An integrated circuit (IC) is a small semiconductor-based electronic device consisting of fabricated transistors, resistors and capacitors. Integrated circuits are the building blocks of most electronic devices and equipment. An integrated circuit is also known as a chip or microchip. An integrated circuit is built with the primary objective of embedding as many transistors as possible on a... 
Data visualization and data visualization tools and software American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Below we have discussed about Data visualization Data visualization is the graphical representation of information and data. By using visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps, data visualization tools provide an accessible way to see and understand trends, outliers, and patterns in data. In the world of Big Data, data visualization tools and technologies are essential to analyze massive amounts of information and make data-driven decisions. Data visualization... 
Scientists who developed products that have led to significant advancements in medicine, separation technology and semiconductor manufacturing are this year’s inductees of the Heroes of Chemistry.. The advances from AST Products, DuPont and Janssen benefit both patients and consumers, and again highlight the importance of the chemical sciences in all areas of industry. The Heroes of Chemistry program recognizes scientists whose innovative work in chemistry and chemical engineering leads to commercial products that benefit the world. The 2020 Heroes of Chemistry exemplify the spirit of innovation and creativity that is crucial to developing solutions that improve the lives of people worldwide.... 
Over 80% of synthetic compounds used to make pharmaceuticals sold in Europe start from China or India. When COVID-19 developed in Wuhan and spread over the globe, specialists stressed over interruption of the medication gracefully chain. Presently, countries are reevaluating their reliance on different nations for pharmaceutical fixings and completed medications. In February 2020, as isolates became effective to lessen the spread of the new coronavirus, numerous compound plants across China had to close or work with a decreased workforce for a considerable length of time. In any case, the disturbance has had shockingly little impact so far on the... 
The Journal of 
Myocarditis, also known as inflammatory cardiomyopathy, is inflammation of the heart muscle. Symptoms can include shortness of breath, chest pain, decreased ability to exercise, and an irregular heartbeat. The duration of problems can vary from hours to months. Complications may include heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrest. Myocarditis is most often due to a viral infection. Causes include bacterial infections, certain medications, toxins, and autoimmune disorders. A diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram (ECG), increased troponin, heart MRI, and occasionally a heart biopsy. An ultrasound of the heart is important to rule out other potential causes... 
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. It usually involves the heart valves. Other structures that may be involved include the interventricular septum, the chordae tendineae, the mural endocardium, or the surfaces of intracardiac devices. Endocarditis is characterized by lesions, known as vegetations, which is a mass of platelets, fibrin, microcolonies of microorganisms, and scant inflammatory cells In the subacute form of infective endocarditis, the vegetation may also include a center of granulomatous tissue, which may fibrose or calcify. The simplest classification is based on cause: either infective or non-infective, depending on whether a... 
Author Name: Desrina R Category Name: Science and Technology By locking the strings when the user's hand is near a virtual wall, for instance, the device simulates the sense of touching the wall. Similarly, the string mechanism enables people to feel the contours of a virtual sculpture, sense resistance when they push on a piece of furniture or even give a high five to a 
Author Name: Desrina R Category Name: Science and Technology Experiments at LCLS run around the clock, in two 12-hour shifts per day. At the start of each shift, operators must tweak the accelerator's performance to prepare the X-ray beam for the next experiment. Sometimes, additional tweaking is needed during a shift as well. In the past, operators have spent hundreds of hours each year on this task, called accelerator tuning. Now, SLAC researchers have developed a new tool, using 
Journal of Medical Toxicology and Clinical Forensic Medicine’s Highlights Journal of Medical Toxicology and Clinical Forensic Medicine is a Scholarly Open Access scientific journal which deals with both toxicology and Forensic medicine. Medical Toxicology is nothing but a medical subspecialty concentrating on the analysis, supervision and prevention of harming and additional adversative health issues due to medicines, work-related and ecological contaminants, and organic causes. Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM) is a health field which deals with the collaboration of clinical medicine and the law. It also involved in the examination of healthcare doctors who are believed to be impaired or may... 
Journal of Medical Research and Health Education’s Highlights 
Journal of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention’s Highlights Cancer Epidemiology represents the study of factors responsible for the initiation, metastasis and prognosis of various types of cancer. Epidemiological research findings on cancer can facilitate the formulation of suitable therapeutic treatment methods and preventive medicines for cancer. Journal of Cancer Epidemiology & Prevention is a peer reviewed scholarly journal that focuses on the publication of research findings on the role of carcinogens and oncogenes in the manifestation of cancer. Manuscripts showcasing the adept cancer vaccines and their effectiveness in the prevention of cancer are solicited. The scope of the journal includes cancer... 
A recent study on Acute Kidney Injury and COVID-19: Challenges and Management 
Explanation about Opioids are more harmful than NSAIDs (Chronic Kidney Disease) 
Environmental science Environmental science is an 
Thermal oxidizer A thermal oxidizer (also known as thermal oxidiser, or thermal incinerator) is a process unit for 
Description As Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to welcome you to Our 
Chromatography is the most widely used separation technique in chemical laboratories, where it is used in analysis, isolation and purification, and it is commonly used in the chemical process industry as a component of small and large-scale production. In terms of scale, at one extreme minute quantities of less than a nanogram are separated and identified during analysis, while at the other, hundreds of kilograms of material per hour are processed into refined products. It is the versatility of chromatography in its many variants that is behind its ubiquitous status in separation science, coupled with simplicity of approach and a... 
Role of Multimedia in Computer science American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Here we discuss about Multimedia. Multimedia is more than one concurrent presentation medium (for example, on CD-ROM or a Web site). Although still images are a different medium than text, multimedia is typically used to mean the combination of text, sound, and/or motion video. Some people might say that the addition of animated images (for example, animated GIF on the Web) produces multimedia, but it has typically meant one... 
Artificial Intelligence | Applications American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) is a peer review open access journal publishing the research in computer science and engineering survey. Here we discuss about Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is a way of making a computer, a computer-controlled robot, or a software think intelligently, in the similar manner the intelligent humans think. AI is accomplished by studying how human brain thinks, and how humans learn, decide, and work while trying to solve a problem, and then using the outcomes of this study as a basis of developing intelligent software and systems. Philosophy... 
E. coli superbug strains can persist in healthy women's guts A study of over 1,000 healthy women with no urinary tract infection symptoms showed nearly 9% carried multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strains in their guts. Additional findings highlight likely reasons behind the pandemic of resistant E. coli strains. They show the value of checking a patients' carrier-status to predict resistant infections, and the need to re-think the clinical significance of bacteria in the urine without symptoms, because pandemic strains can be highly pathogenic to the urinary system and treatment resistant. Full Story: 
Calorimetric sensors are based on measurement of the heat produced by the molecular recognition reaction and the amount of heat produced is correlated to the reactant concentration. The principle of the calorimetric sensors is the determination of the presence or concentration of chemical species by the measurement of the enthalpy change produced by any chemical reaction or physisorption process that releases or absorbs heat. We talk about exothermic reactions if heat is generated and endothermic reactions if it is absorbed Calorimetric sensors have been described for enzyme reactions for detecting glucoses, urea, gases, etc. The thermal conductivity gas sensor has long... 
Role of long non-coding RNA in T1DM The precise mechanism that initiates the autoimmune response that leads to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is unknown. Many of the genetic associations that have been identified so far are in non-coding regions of the genome; however, their contribution to T1DM pathogenesis has not been studied in detail. A new study has now characterized a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that is associated with T1DM. The researchers focused on alleles of Lnc13, which has previously been associated with T1DM. They used a range of techniques to characterize the lncRNA in vitro. “Moreover, we... 
A potentiometric sensor is a type of chemical sensor that may be used to determine the analytical concentration of some components of the analyte gas or solution. These sensors measure the electrical potential of an electrode when no current is present. PRINCIPLE The signal is measured as the potential difference (voltage) between the working electrode and the reference electrode. The working electrode's potential must depend on the concentration of the analyte in the gas or solution phase. The reference electrode is needed to provide a defined reference potential. CLASSIFICATION Potentiometric solid state gas sensors have been generally classified into three broad groups. Type I sensors have an electrolyte containing mobile ions of the chemical species... 
Last year we edited a Frontiers Research Topic on “An update on neurocognitive impairment in schizophrenia and depression”. We are now following-up this initiative with a new invitation, focusing on “Cognition and neuroimaging in schizophrenia”, thus narrowing the focus on schizophrenia, but expanding the focus to functional and structural neuroimaging to reveal the underlying neuronal architecture behind cognitive impairments. A second focus is closing in on auditory hallucinations and "hearing voices" in the general population by non-psychotic individuals. This has become an important topic in research on schizophrenia and could cast new light on commonalities in symptom-like behavior in non-clinical... 
Schizophrenia is a complex disorder involving dysregulation of multiple pathways in its pathophysiology. Dopaminergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter systems are affected in schizophrenia and interactions between these receptors contribute to the pathophysiology of the disease. Deficits in acetylcholine muscarinic receptors have been identified in a sub-group of individuals with schizophrenia. Inflammation has also been found to play a major role in the development and exacerbation of psychotic symptoms in schizophrenia. Additionally, evidence from genetic, post-mortem and animal studies over the past decade has identified a number of susceptibility factors for schizophrenia, including neuregulin 1 (Nrg1) and its receptor ErbB4, disrupted-in-schizophrenia-1... 
A femoral fracture is a fracture of the bone, involving the femur. In high-impact injuries, such as car collisions, they are usually caused because of the vast amount of force required to crack the bone. Diaphysis fractures, or the center of the femur, are treated differently from those at the back, neck and trochanter Signs and symptoms: Fractures are commonly noticeable, since high-energy trauma also causes femoral fractures. Signs of fracture include swelling, leg shortening and deformity. Extensive damage, bleeding, and shock to the soft tissues are normal. The most common symptom is extreme pain, which hinders leg movement. Treatment:... 
Dieulafoy's lesion is a medical condition that is most generally characterized by a large tortuous arteriole in the stomach wall (submucosal), which erodes and bleeds. It can occur in any section of the gastrointestinal tract. It can cause stomach hemorrhage but is very rare. It is known to cause less than 5 percent of all adult gastrointestinal bleeds. Diagnosis: Due to the irregular pattern of bleeding a Dieulafoy's lesion is difficult to diagnose. The lesion caused by Dieulafoy is normally detected during endoscopic examination, generally during upper endoscopy. During colonoscopy, lesions which affect the colon or end of the small... 
Depression is a minor depression state and an aversion to action. It may influence the emotions, behaviour, motivation, feelings and sense of well-being of an individual. It can be sad, difficult to think and focus, and substantially increase or decrease the appetite and time spent sleeping. A mood disorder is a mental health problem which mainly affects the emotional state of a individual. It's a condition where an person experiences long periods of extreme joy, extreme sadness, or both. Depending on the situation it is common for someone's mood to shift A mental health condition characterized by persistently depressed mood... 
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric illness that can occur when an person is subjected to a traumatic incident, such as sexual harassment, fighting, traffic accidents, child violence, or other life-threats. Symptoms may involve unsettling thoughts, feelings. We know the wounds of war are not limited to the field of battle. Refugees from conflict zones also tend to suffer long-term trauma from persecution, detention, torture and resettlement. Thus, understanding the challenges faced by the refugee families and communities is relevant. The piece discusses several post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Whatever the ethnic or cultural context, psychological trauma from war is... 
1. Harmonic Arts Botanical Dispensary This article wouldn’t be complete without Canadian representation in the field. I am Canadian after all. Harmonic Arts is located on my own home sweet home of Vancouver Island, BC, Canada. Founded and run by herbalist Yarrow Willard, son of well-known herbalist and teacher Terry Willard of Wild Rose College, Harmonic Arts not only offers high-quality bulk herbs and formulated products, but great educational articles, videos, presentations, and teachings. Yarrow, Angela, and Terry Willard were in fact presenters at our local Vancouver Island Herb Gathering in Comox BC this year. Harmonic Arts blog covers topics... 
1. Chestnut School of Herbal Medicine I love love love Juliet Blankespoor’s sweet and wacky sense of humor, and in fact, it is what captured my attention on this blog in the first place. This is a blog with personality. It is full of great articles about specific herbs, recipes, gardening and growing, and of course her online herbalist courses. Juliet’s blog and courses are complimented by beautiful photos and videos which make them thoroughly enjoyable. I understand that this is another passion and skill she has developed, which makes this blog all the more dear to my heart, as... 
After the first case of 
The thoracic duct (TD), as the largest lymphatic vessel, drains approximately three quarters of the body’s lymph into the venous 
Internal carotid artery aneurysms are rare pathologies. Endovascular treatment of these disorders is new and emerging field of interventional neurology. A 50 year old male presented to our unit with progressive headaches, visual disturbance and panhypopituitarism. Investigations revealed a giant fusiform right cavernous internal artery aneurysm (39 x 33 x 37 mm). He underwent endovascular treatment with a Surpass flow diverting stent and subsequently developed a cavernous sinus syndrome and carotid-venous fistula. A novel stent-in-stent technique was utilized and a Surpass Streamline 3 x 25 mm flow-diverting stent was placed across the fistulating zone of the initial stent, with clinical... 
Echocardiography has become routinely used in the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of patients with any suspected or known heart diseases. It is one of the most widely used diagnostic tests in cardiology. It can provide a wealth of helpful information, including the size and shape of the heart (internal chamber size quantification), pumping capacity, and the location and extent of any tissue damage. An echocardiogram can also give physicians other estimates of heart function, such as a calculation of the cardiac output, ejection fraction, and diastolic function (how well the heart relaxes). Echocardiography can help detect cardiomyopathies, such as hypertrophic... 
Cardiac electrophysiology is the science of elucidating, diagnosing, and treating the electrical activities of the heart. The term is usually used to describe studies of such phenomena by invasive (intracardiac) catheter recording of spontaneous activity as well as of cardiac responses to programmed electrical stimulation (PES). These studies are performed to assess complex arrhythmias, elucidate symptoms, evaluate abnormal electrocardiograms, assess risk of developing arrhythmias in the future, and design treatment. These procedures increasingly include therapeutic methods (typically radiofrequency ablation, or cryoablation) in addition to diagnostic and prognostic procedures. Other therapeutic modalities employed in this field include antiarrhythmic drug therapy and... 
The Journal of 
The DNA-protein complex of cell cores, chromatin, is dense to chromosomes during cell division. In a given cell just a piece of the hereditary message in DNA is deciphered, a reality which should likewise be identified with basic changes in the chromatin. Information on chromatin structure is subsequently vital for a comprehension of the control elements of the cell. Chromatin is too enormous a sub-atomic total to permit a direct basic assurance even by the strategy for Klug. With his collaborators, Klug has, nonetheless, prevailing with regards to separating chromatin to pieces which are sufficiently little to be concentrated by... 
Life is a synthetic marvel. Living life forms are the most confounded of every single substance framework known to man. Rather than the dead issue which encompasses us, life is described by a high level of request and association. The structure squares of the cell are to an enormous degree goliath particles (macromolecules) in which a huge number of iotas involve a novel plan in space explicit for every substance. The cell additionally contains requested structures, organelles, which are huge totals of various macromolecules, and numerous significant biochemical capacities are related with such atomic totals. As models might be referenced... 
Corrosion fatigue is fatigue in a corrosive environment. It is the mechanical degradation of a material under the joint action of corrosion and cyclic loading. Nearly all engineering structures experience some form of alternating stress, and are exposed to harmful environments during their service life. The environment plays a significant role in the fatigue of high-strength structural materials like steel, aluminum alloys and titanium alloys. Materials with high specific strength are being developed to meet the requirements of advancing technology. However, their usefulness depends to a large extent on the degree to which they resist corrosion fatigue. The phenomenon should not be confused with stress corrosion cracking, where... 
FAST ION CONDUCTOR Fast ion conductors are solids with highly mobile ions. These materials are important in the area of solid-state ionics, and are also known as solid electrolytes and superionic conductors. These materials are useful in batteries and various sensors. Fast ion conductors are used primarily in solid oxide fuel cells. As solid electrolytes they allow the movement of ions without the need for a liquid or soft membrane separating the electrodes. The phenomenon relies on the hopping of ions through an otherwise rigid crystal structure. MECHANISM Fast ion conductors are intermediate in nature between crystalline solids which possess a regular structure with immobile ions, and liquid electrolytes which have... 
Reversion-Inducing Cysteine-Rich Protein With Kazal Motifs (RECK) In Angiogenesis Of Microvessels In Glioblastoma 
Nuclear magnetic resonance Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a method of physical observation in which 
The pandemic could lead to positive changes in how healthcare is delivered among home dialysis 
Allopurinol was not associated with improvement in biomarkers of kidney function or damage in patients. The analysis evaluated a previous double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of 80 patients (aged 18 to 74 years old) with stage 3 CKD (eGFR between 30 mL/min/1.732 to 59 mL/min/1.732) and asymptomatic hyperuricemia (serum uric acid levels 7 mg/dL or more for men, 6 mg/dL or more for women). Patients were randomized to either receive allopurinol or a placebo during the 12-week study period (100 mg/day in the first week, 200 mg/day in the second week and 300 mg/day for weeks 3 through 12). Of the... 
NMR spectroscopy Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), is a 
Author Name: Desrina R Category Name: Science and Technology Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) are devices that enable individuals with motor disabilities such as paralysis to control prosthetic limbs, 
Author Name: Desrina R Category Name: Science and Technology It is important for us to understand that the 
Article “Berberis Ceylanica Schneider: A Rich Source of Berberine with Antimicrobial Properties” is published in 
CONCEPTS IN FORENSIC SCIENCE The ancient world lacked standardized forensic practices, which enabled criminals to escape punishment. Criminal investigations and trials relied heavily on forced 
Medical Toxicology and Clinical Forensic Medicine: Call for Paper Journal of Medical Toxicology and Clinical Forensic Medicine is a Scholarly Open Access scientific journal which deals with both toxicology and Forensic medicine. Medical Toxicology is nothing but a medical subspecialty concentrating on the analysis, supervision and prevention of harming and additional adversative health issues due to medicines, work-related and ecological contaminants, and organic causes. Clinical Forensic Medicine (CFM) is a health field which deals with the collaboration of clinical medicine and the law. It also involved in the examination of healthcare doctors who are believed to be impaired or may... 
FUNDAMENTALS OF RADIOLOGY What is radiology? Radiology is a medical specialty that uses imaging to diagnose and treat diseases seen within the body. Radiologists use a variety of imaging techniques such as X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear medicine including positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to diagnose and/or treat diseases. Who is a radiologist? A radiologist is a specially trained doctor who interprets diagnostic imaging to guide the management of disease. If you have an interventional procedure (such as an angiogram or biopsy) a specially trained radiologist called an interventional radiologist will perform the procedure. Radiologists provide... 
BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES Human behavior is the response of individuals or groups of humans to internal and external stimuli. It refers to the array of every physical action and observable emotion associated with individuals, as well as the human race. While specific traits of one's personality and temperament may be more consistent, other behaviors will change as one moves from birth through adulthood. In addition to being dictated by age and genetics, behavior, driven in part by thoughts and feelings, is an insight into individual psyche, revealing among other things attitudes and values. Social behavior, a subset of human behavior, study the considerable influence of social interaction and culture. Additional influences include ethics, social environment, authority, persuasion and coercion. The behavior of humans (and... 
HOW CANCER BEGINS Cells are the basic units that make up the human body. Cells grow and divide to make new cells as the body needs them. Usually, cells die when they get too old or damaged. Then, new cells take their place. Cancer begins when genetic changes interfere with this orderly process. Cells start to grow uncontrollably. These cells may form a mass called a tumor. A tumor can be cancerous or benign. A cancerous tumor is malignant, meaning it can grow and spread to other parts of the body. A benign tumor means the tumor can grow but will... 
ROLE OF MUTATION IN GENES Carcinogenesis is a multi-stage process in which damage to a cell’s genetic material changes the cell from normal to malignant. The damage gradually accumulates in the cell’s growth regulatory system. Cancer begins with a genetic defect. Human’s genetic factors, meaning genes, are located within the cell structures called chromosomes. Genes control cell functions, such as their distribution. Genes may undergo changes, or mutations, if the cell’s regulatory system fails. A single genetic fault will not usually be enough to cause cancer. Cancer develops when mutations take place in genes that play a crucial role in... 
The Influence of Carbohydrate in Foods and Beverages for Infants and Adults When looking back the human history for 7 million years, foods have been mostly the meat and bones of the animals. Their elements were proteins and lipids, and carbohydrate intake was rare. The fight against hunger lasted for long and blood glucose level had been maintained low. During hunting and life-threatening stress, it was necessary to raise blood glucose, but opportunity to lower blood glucose was rare. However, 10,000 years ago, grain cultivation began and spread, and then the population exploded in the world. The first industrial... 
One of the most common sites of spontaneous intracranial bleeding is the pons. Lesion at the pons may cause significant neurological deficits as you can see at the ER department or Stroke unit. As a part of the brainstem, the pons relays neural signal from cerebrum and cerebellum to organs all over the body. It connects with the reticular formation, cardiovascular and respiratory centers, which play important roles necessary for life. Until now, there are no standard treatment guidelines for the Primary Pontine Hemorrhage (PPH). Yet, there are many retrospective studies about the correlation between the mortality rate and the... 
Promotion of Health and Reproductive Medicine Related to Women Journal of Women’s Health and Reproductive Medicine is an internationally peer-reviewed open access journal. The vision of the journal is to explore clinical, medical, social and economic aspects of female reproductive health and medication worldwide. Journal will publish high-quality research papers, as well as reviews, book reviews and short technical notes to help in progress of all the scientific field mentioned above. Full Text: 
Traumatic aortic rupture, also called traumatic aortic damage or transection, is a condition in which, as a result of trauma to the body, the aorta, the main artery in the body, is broken or ruptured. The condition is often fatal because of the profuse bleeding caused by the rupture, Because the aorta branches directly from the heart to supply blood to the rest of the body, the pressure inside it is very high, and the blood in the blood vessel may be squeezed out of a tear very rapidly. That can cause shock and death quickly. Traumatic aortic rupture is... 
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), generally referred to as flesh-eating disease, is an infection that causes the death of sections of soft tissue in the body. It is a serious sudden onset disease which is spreading rapidly. The most frequently infected areas are the limbs and perineum. Symptoms include red or purple skin in the affected area, intense pain, fever and vomiting. The infection usually enters the body through a split in the skin, like a cut or burn. Risk factors include impaired immune function such as diabetes or cancer, obesity, alcoholism, intravenous drug use and peripheral artery disease. Proper wound treatment... 
Blunt trauma-related carotid artery injuries also cause thrombosis and delayed neurological defects and are associated with mortality rates of up to 40%. In this series of 17 patients with carotid blunt trauma, three had no symptoms, ten patients had paresis of the limbs and four had significant neurologic deficits. Extreme arterial injuries are characterized by life-threatening hemorrhage or ischemia which leads to loss of limbs. The extreme venous damage, in sharp contrast, is represented by hemorrhage but not ischemia. Bleeding can be internal or external, and can rarely result in a hypovolemic shock. Blunt trauma is a physical wound to...