A short note about Prostate Gland within the field of Urology
A short note about Prostate Gland within the field of Urology Journal of Nephrology and Urology is an Open Access peer-reviewed publication that discusses current research and advancements in diagnosis and management of kidney disorders as well as related epidemiology, pathophysiology and molecular genetics etc…, here we are explaining a short note on prostate gland. Prostate gland, chestnut-shaped reproductive organ located directly beneath the urinary bladder in the male, which adds secretions to the sperm during the ejaculation of semen. The gland surrounds the urethra, the duct that serves for the passage of both urine and semen.... Read More
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A heart attack happens when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked and the heart can’t get oxygen. If blood flow isn’t restored quickly, the section of heart muscle begins to die. During a heart attack, one of these plaques can rupture and spill cholesterol and other substances into the bloodstream. A blood clot forms at the site of the rupture. If large enough, the clot can block the flow of blood through the coronary artery, starving the heart muscle of oxygen and nutrients (ischemia). Another cause of a heart attack is a... 
Author Name: Desrina Category Name: Science and Technology Description: Cybercrime: Internet erodes teenage impulse controls Many teenagers are struggling to control their impulses on the internet, in a scramble for quick thrills and a sense of power online, potentially increasing their risks of becoming cyber criminals. A new study by Flinders Criminology analysed existing links between legal online activities and cybercrime- for example, how viewing online pornography progresses to opening illegal content, and motivations to evolve from online gaming to hacking. Criminologist says illegal online activity is especially attractive for adolescents already prone to curiosity and sneaky thrill seeking, but... 
On behalf of the Journal of Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been ten long years we have started the Journal The Journal of Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences. Journal of Brain Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, academic journal that provides a quality platform to publish the most complete and reliable source of information in the mode... 
Drug design: Chemical Informatics 
QSAR models: Chemical Informatics 
In recent years, new knowledge on molecular genetics and the rapid evolution of sequencing and genotyping technology has renewed the interest on genetic prediction. It should be recalled, however, that Mendel gave the basic model to predict traits determined by a single gene in the 19th century. In recent years, new knowledge on molecular genetics and the rapid evolution of sequencing and genotyping technology has renewed the interest on genetic prediction. It should be recalled, however, that Mendel gave the basic model to predict traits determined by a single gene in the 19th century. The model was extended to complex... 
On behalf of the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been six long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 6th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Cancer Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you 
On behalf of the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been Six long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 6th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Cancer Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to 
adipose tissue, body fat, or simply fat is a loose 
The Journal of 
Women drinking during pregnancy can result in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD), which features neurodevelopmental deficit, facial dysmorphology, growth retardation, and learning disability. Research suggests the human brain is precisely shaped through an intrinsic, genetic-cellular expression that is orchestrated further upstream by an epigenetic program. This program can be influenced by environmental inputs such as alcohol. Current research suggests the genetic and epigenetics of FASD are becoming intertwined and inseparable. Now is the time for investigators to combine genetic, genomic and epigenetic alcohol research into an accessible, online platform discussion. Genetic analyses inform gene sets vulnerable to alcohol exposure during... 
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The goal of public health is to prevent disease. It's much easier and more cost-effective to prevent a disease than to treat it. That's exactly what 
Our main motto is to unify individuals in the scholarly community and society keen on 
ELECTROPLATING Electroplating is a process of depositing a layer of any desired metal on another material by means of electricity. The term is also used for electrical [oxidation] of [anion]s on to a solid substrate, as in the formation of silver chloride on silver wire to make silver/silver-chloride electrodes. Electroplating is primarily used to change the surface properties of an object (such as abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities), but may also be used to build up thickness on undersized parts or to form objects by electroforming. The process used in electroplating is called electrodeposition. It is analogous to a concentration cell acting in reverse. The part to... 
Purpose of avoiding high inflammatory diets to the people who are suffering with Kidney diseases. Diet is an important part of managing many health conditions, and new research is shining a light on how essential it can be for healthy kidneys. Foods that cause inflammation in the body are numerous and often found in popular dishes in the United States. Pro-inflammatory foods include refined carbohydrates (unlike high-fiber, whole-grain carbs), sugar and high-fructose corn syrup, red meat, soda and other carbonated beverages, and fried foods. Even some vegetables, such as those in the nightshade family — including tomatoes, eggplants, and... 
As Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to welcome you to Our Journal of Environmental and Toxicology Studies. The 
Some of Urologic Diseases and Other Common Urologic Conditions 
The Journal 
On behalf of the Journal of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to welcome you to the Journal of Environmental and Toxicology Studies. The 
VOLUME 4 - MEDICAL RESEARCH AND HEALTH EDUCATION 
MEDICAL RESEARCH 
VOLUME 5 - CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY “
VOLUME 5 - JOURNAL OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY & PREVENTION 
The world is facing multiple health challenges. These range from outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases like measles and diphtheria, increasing reports of drug-resistant pathogens, growing rates of obesity and physical inactivity to the health impacts of environmental pollution and climate change and multiple humanitarian crises. To address these threats, World Health Organization’s started a new 5-year strategic plan – the 13th General Programme of Work. This plan focuses on a triple billion target: ensuring 1 billion more people benefit from access to universal health coverage, 1 billion more people are protected from health emergencies and 1 billion more people enjoy better... 
A novel nanoparticle vaccine that combines two major influenza proteins is effective in providing broad, long-lasting protection against influenza virus in mice, showing promise as a universal flu vaccine. The double-layered nanoparticle vaccine contains the influenza virus proteins matrix protein 2 ectodomain (M2e) and neuraminidase (NA). Mice were immunized with the nanoparticle vaccine before being exposed to influenza virus, and they were protected against six different strains of the virus. “This nanoparticle antigen combination conferred mice with strong cross protection. “It can protect mice from different strains of influenza virus. Each season, we have different flu strains that affect us.... 
Antimicrobial Resistance: 
Brief of Virtual screening: Chemical Informatics 
News of Chemical Informatics 
A heavy metal baseline score predicts outcome in AML: Case Report Abstract Despite abundant epidemiological data linking metals to leukemia and other cancers, baseline values of toxic and essential metals in patients with leukemia and the clinical impact of these metals remain unknown. Thus, we sought to quantify metal values in untreated patients with AML and controls and determine the impact of metal values on AML patients’ survival. Methods Serum samples from patients with untreated AML and controls at Hospices Civils de Lyon were analyzed and compared for trace metals and copper isotopic abundance ratios with inductively coupled plasma mass... 
Comparison of Two Wavefront Autorefractors: Binocular Open-Field versus Monocular Closed-Field Eye Refract System The Eye Refract system (Luneau Technology; Chartres, France) is a binocular open-field aberrometer combined with a phoropter. The Eye Refract incorporates two Hartmann–Shack sensors that perform objective refraction in both eyes at the same time. The wavefront metric used for the objective refraction determination is based on the principle of equivalent quadratic, using the method of paraxial curvature matching proposed by Thibos et al. [25] This method considers the high-order aberrations analysis up to 4th order, using the Zernike coefficients and for MSE determination, and for J0... 
Thermogenesis at the cellular level requires the function of uncoupling proteins, which are capable of dissipating the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane while uncoupling it from the process of ATP production, but instead, for heat generation. In mammals, two types of fat cells are involved in the process of non-shivering thermogenesis: (1) classic brown adipocytes, which are derived from a myf-5 positive muscle-like cellular lineage, are the main components of brown fat and the major players in heat generation; (2) "brown-like" adipocytes residing within white adipose depots that are also referred to as "beige" or "brite" adipocytes. A... 
Some of the best foods for people who are suffering from Kidney Diseases Kidneys are responsible for filtering waste products, releasing hormones that regulate blood pressure, balancing fluids in the body, producing urine, and many other essential tasks.There are various ways in which these vital organs can become damaged.Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common risk factors for kidney disease. However, obesity, smoking, genetics, gender, and age can also increase the risk. Uncontrolled blood sugar and high blood pressure cause damage to blood vessels in the kidneys, reducing their ability to function optimally.When the kidneys aren’t working... 
How the Kidney disease complications can be controlled Medications to protect your bones. Your doctor may prescribe calcium and vitamin D supplements to prevent weak bones and lower your risk of fracture. You may also take medication known as a phosphate binder to lower the amount of phosphate in your blood, and protect your blood vessels from damage by calcium deposit. Medications to treat anemia. In certain situations, your doctor may recommend supplements of the hormone erythropoietin, sometimes with added iron. Erythropoietin supplements aid in production of more red blood cells, which may relieve fatigue and weakness associated with anemia High blood... 
Reference electrode A reference electrode is an electrode which has a stable and well-known electrode potential. The high stability of the electrode potential is usually reached by employing a redox system with constant (buffered or saturated) concentrations of each participant of the redox reaction. There are many ways reference electrodes are used. The simplest is when the reference electrode is used as a half-cell to build an electrochemical cell. This allows the potential of the other half cell to be determined. An accurate and practical method to measure an electrode's potential in isolation (absolute electrode potential) has yet to be developed. Nonaqueous reference electrodes While it is convenient to compare between solvents to qualitatively... 
Electrochemical reaction mechanism Elementary steps like proton coupled electron transfer and the movement of electrons between an electrode and substrate are special to electrochemical processes. Electrochemical mechanisms are important to all redox chemistry including corrosion, redox active photochemistry including photosynthesis, other biological systems often involving electron transport chains and other forms of homogeneous and heterogeneous electron transfer. Such reactions are most often studied with standard three electrode techniques such as cyclic voltammetry(CV), chronoamperometry, and bulk electrolysis as well as more complex experiments involving rotating disk electrodes and rotating ring-disk electrodes. In the case of photoinduced electron transfer the use of time-resolved spectroscopy is common. When describing electrochemical reactions an "E" and "C" formalism is often employed. The E represents... 
There is growing evidence from around the world that even if young people want to act in ways that promote their health, they often have formidable barriers to overcome before they can turn their intentions in to action. However, there has been limited up to date research evidence on this aspect to take appropriate interventions. To assess youth friendly sexual and reproductive health services utilizations and associated factors among youth of Bale zone Ethiopia. A community based cross sectional study design was conducted in March, 2015. Four towns which have health centers providing youth friendly services were included in the... 
The article is a reflective essay based on empirical data (in random sampling) in an anonymous woman’s self-narrative. Though it is not a research study, it will shed light on feminist scholarship in view to highlighting the search for motherhood in striving for the essence of womanhood via the first attempt of ivf (In vitro fertilisation). Women and medicine are connected. It is a new breakthrough for a woman’s life writing. Desiring for motherhood is illustrated. This would pose an impact on women desiring for motherhood in the perspective of women’s health and reproductive medicine. One could not write... 
Mitochondria are dynamic, communicating and highly regulated organelles under the dual control of nuclear DNA (1500 genes) and their own mitochondrial DNA, a 16.6 kb circular DNA molecule (mtDNA), encoding 22 tRNA, 2 rRNA and 13 subunits of the OXPHOS system. Those unique features are responsible for the complexity of mitochondria biology in health and disease. In the last decade, the application of next generation sequencing techniques has shed light on several processes governing mitochondrial genetics. This include: dissecting transcription and translation processes, identifying mitochondrial DNA and RNA modifications in tissues or application of single-cell based essays to characterise new... 
X-rays 
Patients of 
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SCOPE OF MEDICAL RESEARCH 
VOLUME 4 - JOURNAL of MEDICAL RESEARCH and HEALTH EDUCATION 
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Recurrent miscarriage is two or more consecutive pregnancy losses. Infertility differs because it is the inability to conceive. In many cases the cause of RPL is unknown. After three or more losses, a thorough evaluation is recommended by American Society of Reproductive Medicine. About 1% of couples trying to have children are affected by recurrent miscarriage. This occurs in woman with genetic disorders in embryo formation and fertilization. As the clinical cause for recurrent miscarriages might be immunological aberrations, immunotherapy includes - Immunization with paternal cells, Immunization with third party donor leukocytes, Immunization with trophoblast membrane infusion and Intravenous immunoglobulin.... 
Our
Diabetes mellitus is a disease in which your body does not make enough insulin or cannot use normal amounts of insulin properly. The small blood vessels in the body are injured with diabetes. You may build up waste materials in your blood and also have protein in your urine. Diabetes also may cause damage to nerves in your body. This can cause difficulty in emptying your bladder. The pressure resulting from your full bladder can back up and injure the kidneys. The 
Veterinary Medicine is a branch of Veterinary science which deals with the diagnosis of diseases and their treatment in Animals. Whereas Veterinary Science is a broader term and would include much more than just diagnosis and treatment of diseases in Animals. The 
For the benefit of the 
As Editor-in-Chief of 
On behalf of the Journal of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to welcome you to the Journal of Environmental and Toxicology Studies. The 
The 
Pediatrics is a branch of medicine that deals with infants, children and adolescents and their diseases. A child's physician provides not only medical care for children who are acutely or chronically ill but also preventive health services for healthy children. This category includes news on childhood diseases and illnesses, parenting tips, learning and development, social skills, breastfeeding and infant care. From developing groundbreaking treatments for deadly chronic diseases to saving babies who are born premature, pediatric researchers have increased the ability of children to live full and fulfilling lives that only a few decades before would have been tragically cut... 
Journal of Molecular biology and Biotechnology is a peer reviewed journal that focusses on comprehensive and extensive coverage of research developments in the field of molecular biology and biotechnology. Molecular biology is a branch of biology that concerns the molecular basis of biological activity between biomolecules in the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between DNA, RNA, proteins and their biosynthesis, as well as the regulation of these interactions. The field of molecular biology studies macromolecules and the macromolecular mechanisms found in living things, such as the molecular nature of the gene and its mechanisms of gene replication,... 
Some of the sub-disciplines related to Urology 
Partial Nephrectomy Managed with Selective Embolization 
This Research Topic includes studies that provide scientific evidence through research and development for advancing traditional 
As Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to welcome you to Our Journal of Environmental and Toxicology Studies. The 
Sigma-1 receptor agonists have been widely accepted for their antidepressant roles, and it is observed that most clinically successful SSRIs/SNRIs are sigma-1 receptor ligands. These agonists have also been found to be of interest to researchers studying Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Sigma-1 antagonists show great promise in the treatment of cancer, as they can shrink tumours while having no observable effect on their animal hosts. Antagonists are in clinical trials for the treatment of pain, with interesting data in both neuropathic and inflammatory pain. Recent findings also show positive results in the co-treatment of classical anticancer drugs with sigma-1 antagonists to... 
MEDICAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICES 
Contraindications and Mechanism of Pembrolizumab 
So far, progress of microbial physiology has depended on the use of pure cultures. Study of a microbial strain in pure culture was essential to obtain unambiguous results about metabolism, regulation or cell biology, especially when a genetic system or a complete genome sequence was available. Unfortunately, it is also all but impossible to interpret results from physiological studies in ecological context. Indeed, for many highly interesting model organisms, meaningful definition of an ecological niche has defied decades of intensive study. Advances in next generation DNA and RNA sequencing, community proteomics, and metabolomics, in combination with advances in computational procedures... 
SCIENTEFIC KNOWLEDGE IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 
Angina pectoris is the medical term for chest pain or discomfort due to coronary heart disease. It occurs when the heart muscle doesn't get as much blood as it needs. This usually happens because one or more of the heart's arteries is narrowed or blocked, also called ischemia. Angina usually causes uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing or pain in the centre of the chest. You may also feel the discomfort in your neck, jaw, shoulder, back or arm. (Many types of chest discomfort — like heartburn, lung infection or inflammation — aren‘t related to angina.) Angina in women can be different than in men. Symptoms of... 
Submission Article submissions should be done using the online Editor Manager System or through E-mail IDs provided at the respective journal’s site. Resubmission when you have got altered your paper in mild of the peer reviewer’s comments and you've got written a masking letter to the editor explaining the adjustments you made or refuting the reviewer’s comments, you are prepared to resubmit. Try to resubmit as quickly as you can. Generally, this makes it simpler to do because the paper is still fresh on your mind. The scientific world actions very quickly so that you... 
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Immunology 
Immunology at its congruity 
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AR5 Synthesis Report by IPCC on the potential impacts of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and their effect on natural and human systems emphasized populations who are at increased risk of adverse consequences such as developing countries and disadvantaged people. Preparing health systems, including public health, worldwide to adapt to these future threats will avoid unnecessary morbidity and mortality. This requires research on the direct and indirect health effects of climate change impacts due to increasing temperature, extreme weather events and population displacement from sea-level rise. By analyzing past events on a sub-regional, regional as well as global scale models can... 
For the benefit of the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my particular respect and benefit to educate you that, it's been Five long years we have begun the Journal, presently we are commending the fifth Anniversary and we are favored to invite Cancer Society to our diary. As Editor-In-Chief it is my extraordinary joy and respect to invite you to the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access. The Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access intends to scatter information and advance discourse through the distribution of companion inspected, top notch investigate papers on all themes identified... 
Violence is widespread, affects women of all cultures globally, breeds in silence, and finds legitimacy through cultural norms. Perpretors are partners, husbands, family, and friends. It may be domestic violence (DV), sexual (SV) or other type of violence at home or work or public place, serious violation of women’s rights as human beings. It is important cause of physical, psychological health problems. Objectives: Objectives were to get information about burden of intimate partner/ domestic/societal violence, effects on women’s health. Information as per objectives was collected by various search engines by simple review and local research, experience of managing cases was... 
Uterine Fibroids remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women of various age groups. Many treatment options abound. The aim of this study was to determine the presentation and surgical treatment options offered in a private gynecology unit, in Enugu, Nigeria. A retrospective review of surgically managed cases of Uterine Fibroids between January 2001 and December 2015. Data was obtained from outpatient, ward, operating and laboratory case records. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 20 with descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage. Chi-square test at 95% confidence interval was used to test for association between the... 
The importance of tubuloreticular inclusions in lupus nephritis: Case Report Summary Tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) are distinctive cytoplasmic structures of unknown origin that typically associate with autoimmune and viral diseases. We investigated the clinical and prognostic relevance of TRI detection in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). We conducted a single centre study of patients (n=84) with biopsy evidence of LN. Clinical variables included demographics, SLEDAI score, and autoantibody profiling; while histological evaluation included TRI presence, International Society of Nephrology/Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS) classification with NIH activity and chronicity indices, immunofluorescence, and other EM findings. Patients with and without TRI were... 
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-essential amino-acid produced as the result of the metabolism of the essential amino-acid methionine. Hcy levels are influenced by several factors, including age, renal function, genetic polymorphisms, dietary habits and lifestyle conditions. Increased plasma level of Hcy is defined as Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy has been linked to several pathological conditions; among them cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases are receiving increasing attention by scientific investigations. The aim of this review was to discuss the pathological mechanisms, mostly investigated by basic research and animal models that HHcy is able to trigger in the brain and reporting the... 
Approach to nodal-based T-cell lymphomas: Pathology Case Report Summary Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) represent a heterogeneous group of uncommon malignancies derived from mature T cells and usually characterised by an aggressive clinical course. Their clinical presentation, localisation and pattern of dissemination are highly variable, but the majority of cases present as nodal diseases. The recently revised classification of lymphomas has incorporated many new molecular genetic data derived from gene expression profiling and next generation sequencing studies, which refine the definition and diagnostic criteria of several entities. Nevertheless, the distinction of PTCL from various reactive conditions, and the diagnosis of PTCL... 
Dementia symptoms: The symptom of cognitive impairment appears. The phenomena of degradation in memory, learning ability, language function, problem-solving ability, orientation, attention and concentration, judgment, time and space perception ability and social ability occur. Personality disorder appears as a neuropsychiatric symptom. The symptom of depression, aggression, lethargy, indifference, self-centred behaviour, anxiety, frustration, delinquency, paranoia, hallucination and delusion, delusional disorder, and insomnia appear. There is a phenomenon of functional ability impairment. As the coordination and skills of motor gradually get deteriorated, the physical activities of daily living, the instrumental activities of daily living and protection ability decline. Treatment of dementia: Although... 
American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey (AJCSES) provides coverage of the most significant work on principles of computer science, broadly construed. The scope of research covered encompasses contributions of lasting value to any area of computer science. To be accepted, a paper must be judged to be truly outstanding in its field. AJCSES is interested in work in core computer science and in work at the boundaries, both the boundaries of subdisciplines of computer science and the boundaries between computer science and other fields. Manuscripts elucidating research surveys, technical reports, overviews, latest innovations and advancements in applied computer... 
The 
Journal of Medical Research & Health Education is an open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide research and applications related to Medical & Health Sciences. The Journal is an academic journal providing an opportunity to researchers and scientist to explore the advanced and latest research developments in the field of health research, education, health development, medical education, human diseases and related academic disciplines. Journal of Medical Research & Health Education deals with surgery, internal medicine, cardiology, orthopaedics, infectious diseases and HIV/AIDs, obstetrics and gynaecology, oncology, and neurology, immunology, anaesthesia, cardiovascular medicine, complementary medicine, dentistry and... 
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On behalf of the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been Five long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 5th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Cancer Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access. The general idea has been that as tumors grow and cancer cells accumulate more and more genetic changes, or mutations, some cells acquire the ability to move from the... 
On behalf of the Journal, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to welcome you to the Journal of Environmental and Toxicology Studies. The 
Peripheral artery disease (also called peripheral arterial disease) is a common circulatory problem in which narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to your limbs. Peripheral artery disease is also likely to be a sign of a more widespread accumulation of fatty deposits in your arteries (atherosclerosis). This condition may be reducing blood flow to your heart and brain, as well as your legs. Peripheral artery disease signs and symptoms include: Painful cramping in one or both of your hips, thighs or calf muscles after certain activities, such as walking or climbing stairs Leg numbness or weakness Coldness in your lower... 
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which the inside of an artery narrows due to the build-up of plaque. Initially, there are generally no symptoms. When severe, it can result in coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral artery disease, or kidney problems, depending on which arteries are affected. Symptoms, if they occur, generally do not begin until middle age. Prevention is generally by eating a healthy diet, exercising, not smoking, and maintaining a normal weight. Treatment of established disease may include medications to lower cholesterol such as statins, blood pressure medication, or medications that decrease clotting, such as aspirin. A number of... 
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The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare serum calcium and phosphate status in premenopausal and postmenopausal women and determine the effect of parity in postmenopausal women. The study was a cross-sectional study was carried out in a catholic mission hospital in Benin City, Nigeria. A total of 40 pre-menopausal and 280 post postmenopausal women with 40 each with parity ranging from 0 to 6 were included in this study. Following standard ethical process and laboratory procedures, the blood sample was obtained from each woman for estimation of serum calcium and phosphate concentrations. Statistical analysis was done using... 
The girl child education is a major issue in developing countries. Female education is influenced by culture, religion and other practices especially in rural areas. No study has previously investigated the situation in a suburban community in Edo State, Nigeria. This study was conducted to assess parental attitude, practice and factors influencing girl child education amongst parents' in the area. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study targeted at parents with at least a child of school age using an interview-based semi-structured questionnaire. Data was collected using the multistage sampling technique and was analyzed via SPSS version 21.146 parents participated... 
The 20th century began with the re-discovery of Mendel’s laws of heredity; the 21st century began with the Human Genome Project’s working draft of the human genome sequence. We are rapidly approaching a postgenomic era in which we will know the entire genome sequence and, most importantly, all the DNA variations in the genome sequence. These DNA polymorphisms are the source of hereditary influence and will revolutionize genetic research on individual differences (Robert Plomin). Psychometrics and behavioral genetic have already contributed a substantial number of collaborative studies that redefined psychological phenomena such as general intelligence, extra/introversion, or even cooperativeness in... 
On behalf of the 
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common type of infection worldwide and have resulted in billions of dollars in medical care costs. E. coli is the most important cause of 80- 90% of all UTIs. Uropathogenic E. coli infects the urinary tract by producing special surface proteins (adhesions), which give them the ability to attack the epithelial cells that line the urinary bladder. If pathogenic E. coli is in the bladder, and is not eliminated, it may travel up the ureters to the kidneys and cause pyelonephritis. The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a growing problem worldwide. A numbers of E. coli isolates have been... 
Journal of Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences is a peer reviewed, open access journal considering research on all aspects of Neuroscience, Neurodegenerative diseases. 
The Journal of Brain Behaviour, & Cognitive Sciences aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Neuroscience. The brain is precious, and evolution has gone to great lengths to protect it from damage. The most obvious is our 7mm thick skull, but the brain is also surrounded by protective fluid (cerebrospinal – of the brain and spine) and a protective membrane called the meninges. Another protective element is the blood–brain barrier. blood–brain barrier is a barrier between the brain’s blood vessels (capillaries) and the cells and other components that make up brain... 
The Journal of 
Background: Arguments have continued for long concerning low carbohydrate diet and calorie restriction (calorie-restricted diet). Authors have reported clinical studies of low carbohydrate diet on ketone bodies, glucose variability and Morbus value so far. Subjects and methods: Subjects are 28 patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, which were 20/8 (M/F) with 48.3 ± 13.9 years old with serum triglyceride more than 250 mg/dL on blood sampling with overnight fasting. They were admitted for 14 days and the protocol was as follows: 1) calorie-restricted diet on day 1 and 2, which had 60% carbohydrates, 2) low carbohydrate... 
Introduction: Soft drinks are non-alcoholic beverages that contain carbon dioxide, nutritive or non-nutritive sweeteners, natural or synthetic flavours, colours, acidification agents, chemical preservatives and emulsifiers in addition to other various functional agents. Studies in adolescents has revealed that soft drink consumption is too high in adolescents which has been associated with higher risk of becoming overweight and increased risk for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and some cancers. This study sought to assess the knowledge, practice and perception of taking soft drinks with food among Junior High School (JHS) students in a municipality in Ghana. Materials and methods: The design was... 
Psychiatric diseases have a highly complex etiology, aggregating in families but not segregating in a traditional Mendelian manner. Recent approaches to understanding the causes of psychiatric disease have focused on describing the genetic contribution to major psychiatric illnesses; the use of large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and exome sequencing has enabled a systematic exploration of genetic risk factors and identified over 100 independent genomic loci significantly associated with psychiatric diseases; however, there remains uncertainty about the causal genes involved in disease pathogenesis, and how their function is regulated. Since many GWAS variants reside in non-coding regions, the disease-associated common variants... 
Authors Instructions for Submission of Manuscripts :Chemical Informatics 
First Authors Contribution-Chemical Informatics 
Herbal Medicine: Open Access is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that reflects articles on all types of herbs and plant extracts. The journal welcomes submissions from all related fields of herbal medicine including advances in alternative medicine. Articles will be also considered from related analysis from Botany, Medicinal Plant Research, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Phytotherapy, botanical medicines, Ayurveda and Natural chemistry, Agriculture Science, Unani Medicine, Biotechnology and Biochemistry. Submission of important articles containing advanced research output aiding in forwarding the subject are most welcome. The wide scope of the journal will aid in contributing a great measure of scientific information related to... 
International Journal of Case Reports: Diabetes. Aims FDA-approved drug labels are an important source of information for clinicians who prescribe medications for treatment of diabetes. We reviewed drug labels to (1) understand the landscape of classes of medications approved for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), (2) explore the indications and safety information and (3) examine their cardiovascular safety. Methods We searched the FDA public database of approved diabetic medications8 and three other public references with information on FDA approved medications: WebMD,9 CenterWatch10 and Medscape11 to retrieve the label information for all diabetes medications from... 
Paraganglioma of the Gallbladder: An Extremely Rare Pathology. Abstract We report an extremely rare case of gallbladder paraganglioma which was discovered incidentally, during a chest CT scan study of a 79-yr-old male for his underlying emphysema. He was asymptomatic with no abdominal pain, anorexia or jaundice. His abdominal CT scan showed a gallbladder mass which was intensely enhanced in the arterial phase. He underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. His gallbladder histopathology concluded a completely resected non-chromaffin paraganglioma. The source of this gallbladder paraganglioma is likely from the paraganglionic cells along the vagi fibres which innervate the gallbladder. Chronic hypoxia is likely... 
On behalf of the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been Five long years we have started the Journal, now we are celebrating the 5th Anniversary and we are privileged to welcome Cancer Society to our journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of Colorectal Cancer: Open Access. Targeted Drug Trio Improves Survival in Colorectal Cancer with BRAF Mutations this study builds on a decade of research into the tumor biology of BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer and reflects... 
As Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to welcome you to Our Journal of Environmental and Toxicology Studies. The 
AIM and Scope of the Journal of Nephrology and Urology 
Childhood chronic kidney disease: Experience of a pediatric department 
One of the key characteristics of stem cells is their ability to keep the perpetual equilibrium between self-renewal and differentiation. A stem cell divides asymmetrically into another stem cell and a differentiating daughter cell that must successfully transition from multi- to unipotency, in addition to losing the potential for self-renewal. Coordinated transcription factor networks are prominent regulators of stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. Now it is becoming evident that in conjunction with transcription factors at least three epigenetic elements (chromatin structure, DNA methylation, and microRNAs) form a reciprocal regulatory circuit to maintain the balance between stem cell self-renewal, proliferation and... 
On behalf of the Journal of Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been ten long years we have started the Journal The Journal of Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences aims to disseminate knowledge and promote discussion through the publication of peer-reviewed, high quality research papers on all topics related to Brain, Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences. Journal of Brain Behaviour and Cognitive Sciences is an Open Access, peer-reviewed, academic journal that provides a quality platform to publish the most complete and reliable source of information in the mode... 
Our 
A heart attack happens when the flow of oxygen-rich blood to a section of heart muscle suddenly becomes blocked and the heart can’t get oxygen. If blood flow isn’t restored quickly, the section of heart muscle begins to die. During a heart attack, one of these plaques can rupture and spill cholesterol and other substances into the bloodstream. A blood clot forms at the site of the rupture. If large enough, the clot can block the flow of blood through the coronary artery, starving the heart muscle of oxygen and nutrients (ischemia). Another cause of a heart attack is a... 
A Tumor is an abnormal growth of body tissue. Tumors can be cancerous (malignant) or noncancerous (benign). Tumors are of many types such as Carcinoid Tumor, Pituitary Tumor, and Tumor lysis syndrome. Cells that are damaged or no longer needed die to make room for healthy replacements. If the balance of cell growth and death is disturbed, a Tumor may form. Problems with the body's immune system can lead to tumors. Carcinoid tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derived from primitive stem cells in the gut wall, but they can be seen in other organs, including the lungs, mediastinum, thymus,... 
A key step in cell division is the partitioning of the chromosomes into the newly created daughter cells. Errors in chromosome segregation can lead to cancer, infertility, and developmental disorders. Chromosome segregation, and the subsequent division of the cell, involves diverse cellular and intracellular motions. For example, chromosomes condense into a rod-like shape, centrosomes, and migrate over several microns to properly position in the cell, and cytoskeletal actin and microtubules organize into structures that segregate chromosomes and divide the cell into two. Cell division thus involves a precise control over numerous types and numbers of molecular activities in space, and... 
Nephrology Case Report: The role of the gastrointestinal microbiota and potential therapeutic options. Abstract Infectious complications are common following kidney transplantation and rank in the top five causes of death in patients with allograft function. Over the last 5 years, there has been emerging evidence that changes in the gastrointestinal microbiota following kidney transplantation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of transplant‐associated infections. Different factors have emerged which may disrupt the interaction between the gastrointestinal microbiota and the immune system, which may lead to infective complications in kidney transplant recipients. Over the last 5 years, there has been emerging evidence... 
International Journal of Case Report : Hepatology Background and Aim Noncytolytic curing of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infected hepatocytes by cytokines including type I interferons (IFNs) is of importance for resolving acute and chronic infection. However, as IFNs stimulate hundreds of genes those most relevant for HBV suppression remain largely unknown. Amongst them are the large Mx GTPases. Human MX1 (or MxA) is active against many RNA viruses while MX2 (or MxB) was recently found to restrict human immunodeficiency virus 1, hepatitis C virus, and herpesviruses. Here we investigated the anti-HBV activity of MX2. Methods Potential anti-HBV activity of... 
Special issue content- Chemical Informatics 
Chemical Informatics-Editor’s Invitation 
American Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that focuses on all aspects of Application Programming, Business Applications, Network Programming, System Administration, Web Systems, Data Structures and Algorithms, Operating Systems and beyond. Celebrating a successful publication history, Journal reiterates its commitment to promote systematic enquiry and explorations in various fields: 
Ischemic stroke is the biggest reason for disability and also the 3rd biggest reason for death of the elderly in the US, while TBI (traumatic brain injury) is the biggest reason for disability and death in individuals younger than forty five. In both conditions, individuals who survive often have severe behavioral and memory deficits. The only FDA-approved stroke treatment is TPA (tissue plasminogen activator), which is effective only in approximately 20% of cases. There’s no clinically recognized treatment for TBI. Prior research had developed a number of new compounds making use of a novel drug discovery paradigm which begins with... 
Research shows that a transient ischemic attack, otherwise known as a mini-stroke, is likely not transient at all. They actually create long-term brain damage. Researchers examined 13 individuals and they were compared against 13 healthy individuals. The transient ischemic attack individuals had all suffered an acute episode which affected motor systems, but within 24 hours symptoms had resolved. Within 14-30 days of their episode, the individuals were examined, and demonstrated no impairment through standard imaging or clinical evaluation (MRI or CT). They then had a unique brain mapping procedure making use of transcranial magnetic stimulation with profound results. The brain... 
Journal of Nephrology and Urology offering an Individual, Industrial and Corporate membership programme 
In present date, the microbes influence the survival of every creature on the planet. Not all of them cause diseases but majority are completely harmless. As Bacteria & Parasite are a proportion of Microbiology, they are also the reason for existing infections in the world. Fundamentally, we must realize that Disease is when the infection causes damage to the individual’s vital functions or systems. An infection does not always result in disease! They not only cause side effects but also these minute life forms are essential to the cycling of nutrients in the eco-systems of the globe. ... 
On behalf of the Journal of 
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In recent years, ketogenic diet has been drawing attention in 
Case Report: A 66-year-old woman presented with impaired consciousness. Her past 
Improvement in Psycho-social and Sexual Health of Women after Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence 
Climate change is driving changes that are harder to notice, including small drifts in wildlife population and habitats that are altering infectious disease transmission. While the links between climate change and infectious diseases are complex and not yet fully understood, increased transmission of zoonotic diseases are already recorded and reported like Lassa fever and monkeypox in West Africa, Ebola virus disease in the Democratic Republic of Congo and others. Governments must invest more in understanding the science, in disease prevention, and in emergency preparedness. We must develop functioning surveillance systems and ensure that the people on the frontlines have the... 
The risk of reproductive problems, such as infertility, miscarriage, and ongoing pregnancy complications, increases as women age. While chromosomal errors play a significant role, environmental exposures are increasingly appreciated to play a role in modifying gene expression through epigenetic regulation during development, and may also affect fetal growth and later fertility. Taking advantage of the open access and interactive platform in the Frontiers in Genetics, we would like to bring together high impact research studies and novel insights on this topic in order to facilitate and stimulate discussion, and improve our understanding on the cause of reproductive disorders. The issue... 
Homocysteine (Hcy) is a sulfur-containing non-essential aminoacid produced as the result of the metabolism of the essential amino-acid methionine. Optimal methionine metabolism is vital to a great number of biochemical processes in the body. Hcy is normally metabolized via two biochemical pathways: remethylation, which converts Hcy back to methionine via the folate cycle, which is catalyzed by the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and the essential cofactor vitamin B12, and trans-sulfuration, which converts Hcy to cysteine (Cys) via cystathionine beta synthase (CBS) and the essential cofactor vitamin B6. Therefore, these two metabolic pathways balance the level of methionine and Hcy. A... 
Introduction: The living conditions and types of food that a person consumes affect his/her state of health. As the society improves socially and economically, the lifestyles of the people change with respect to their food and eating habits. There is therefore the tendency of people shying away from the homemade foods, which may be nutritionally superior to the consumption of fast foods. With an improvement in the economy, people in the developing countries especially, think they must adopt a more modernized lifestyle which negatively affect their nutritional status. The Global
On behalf of the Journal of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, as Editor-in-Chief, it is my distinct honour and privilege to inform you that, it’s been four years we have started the Journal. As Editor-In-Chief it is my great pleasure and honour to welcome you to the Journal of Environmental and Toxicology Studies. The 
Angina Many heart attack victims are warned of trouble by episodes of angina, which is chest pain that, like a heart attack, is provoked by ischemia. The difference is mainly one of degree: With angina, blood flow is restored, pain recedes within minutes, and the heart is not permanently damaged. With 
Difference of Chronic kidney disease in childhood and adult CKD (Chronic kidney disease) is a chronic condition in which the kidneys are permanently damaged. Kidney function is decreased, and it gets worse over time and it is also called as chronic renal disease Chronic renal disease for children is a major problem of public health. The causes of the child's chronic renal disease are mainly the defects of the kidney and urinary tract, hereditary diseases and glomerulopathy. Furthermore, diabetes and high blood pressure are about half of cases for the adult. This study aimed to investigate the diagnosis and the... 
processing charge to commemorate its Anniversary. On behalf of the 
In recent years, the 
Since the seminal studies involving bacteriophages, the DNA viruses have been fascinating the scientific community. DNA viruses were essential not only for the understanding of viral biological process, but also were a sine qua non tool for the discovery and expanding of knowledge related to cellular processes, such as transcription, translation, DNA repair, glycosylation and others. DNA viruses were also important characters during humankind history and evolution. The lethal and terrifying infection caused by a DNA virus, Variola virus, the smallpox disease, impact and defined patterns of human migration, societies interactions and raised innovative public health measures. In the last... 
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Chemical Informatics-Reviewer Invitation 
Our aim is to provide the surgeons, refractive surgeons, optometrists, opticians, young researchers, students, industrial delegates and anyone professionally involved in study of 
Our aim is to provide the surgeons, refractive surgeons, optometrists, opticians, young researchers, students, industrial delegates and anyone professionally involved in study of 
Open Access journals are the major source of knowledge for young and aspiring generations who are keen in pursuing a career in scientific and healthcare research. This system provides easy access to networks of scientific journals. Authors that contribute their scholarly works to peer reviewed journals gain remarkable reputation as the research scholarly explore these works extensively. This process assures considerable impact for the journal and reputation to the authors. 
Uterine rupture (UR) in pregnancy is a rare devastating obstetrical complication that can have catastrophic consequences. Perinatal morbidity and mortality is significant and maternal mortality due to extensive damage to the uterus and blood loss has been documented. To review the incidence and maternal and perinatal outcome of uterine rupture in pregnancy, to compare risk factors, site of rupture, and outcome of uterine rupture among patients with a scarred versus an unscarred uterus, and Highlights the management approach taken to preserve the women’s fertility potential with follow-up of subsequent pregnancies in these patients. Hospital records indicated that between January 1987... 